Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36006496›Full record

ArticleResearch on child and adolescent psychopathology2023

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Shared or Unique Neurocognitive Profiles?

Russell J Schachar, Annie Dupuis, Paul D Arnold, Evdokia Anagnostou, Elizabeth Kelley, Stelios Georgiades, Robert Nicolson, Parker Townes, Christie L Burton, Jennifer Crosbie

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Research on child and adolescent psychopathology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Identifying Neurodevelopmental Domain Subgroups in Autism and ADHD.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

Russell J SchacharDepartment of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Neurosciences and Mental Health, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada. russell.schachar@sickkids.ca.ORCID 0000-0002-2015-4395
Annie DupuisDepartment of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.
Paul D ArnoldDepartment of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Neurosciences and Mental Health, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
Evdokia AnagnostouHolland Bloorview Research Institute, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada.
Elizabeth KelleyDepartments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Queens University, 99 University Ave, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
Stelios GeorgiadesDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
Robert NicolsonDepartment of Psychiatry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
Parker TownesThe Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
Christie L BurtonDepartment of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Neurosciences and Mental Health, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
Jennifer CrosbieDepartment of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Neurosciences and Mental Health, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health · CAHospital for Sick Children · CAUniversity of Toronto · CAMcMaster University · CAQueen's University · CAUniversity of New Brunswick · CAWestern University · CA

Funding

CIHR MOP-106573CIHR MOP-93696
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) and autism spectrum (ASD) disorders are commonly co-occurring conditions characterized by neurocognitive impairments. Few studies have directly compared neurocognitive profiles in ADHD and ASD and fewer still have controlled for comorbidity of ADHD and ASD. All direct comparisons have been in clinic samples, leaving the question of generalizability of results unaddressed. We compared neurocognitive performance in clinically ascertained ASD (n = 261) and ADHD (n = 423) cases and controls (n = 162), 6.0-17.9 years of age. We also compared ASD (n = 190) and ADHD (n = 926) cases ascertained in the community with controls (n = 14,842) of similar age. Using the stop-signal task (SST), we measured response inhibition (stop-signal reaction time-SSRT), sustained attention (defined as reaction time variability-RTV), and reaction time (RT). We controlled for comorbidity using ADHD and ASD trait scores and categorically-defined ADHD. Compared with controls, both clinic ADHD and ASD had significantly longer SSRT and RTV than controls and did not differ from each other. ADHD traits accounted for neurocognitive impairment in ASD, but not vice versa. There were no group differences for RT. Similar patterns of neurocognitive impairment were observed in the community sample. In the largest direct comparison of ADHD and ASD to date, we found impaired response inhibition and sustained attention in both disorders. However, neurocognitive impairment in ASD was almost completely accounted for by comorbid ADHD. Results generalized in the community sample indicating that referral bias alone did not drive results. Response inhibition and sustained attention likely play a role in ADHD and ASD.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityAutism Spectrum DisorderAttentionComorbidityHumansReaction TimeADHDASDInhibitory controlNeuro-cognitionReaction time variabilityStop-signal task

Identifiers

PMID36006496
PMCPMC9763138
OpenAlexW4293052098

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.