ArticleBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Stress Relaxation Properties of Five Orthodontic Aligner Materials: A 14-Day In-Vitro Study.
Article in Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Ageing effects on chemical, physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of clear aligners - a systematic review.Progress in orthodontics · 2026Pooled it
- Short-term morphological changes of vacuum-formed retainers with different gingival margin designs: a randomized clinical trial.The Angle orthodontist · 2026Trial
- Efficiency of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol Thermoplastic Material to Functional and Expansion Forces in Orthodontic Applications: An Experimental Study.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2025Trial
- In Vitro Comparison of Initial and 7-Day System-Level Resultant Forces in Clear Aligners with Different Layer Structures.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Forces and Moments Generated by Thermoforming Aligners and Direct-Printed Aligners: A Systematic Review.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Comparative evaluation of physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and commercial aligner materials.Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials · 2026Article
- Direct-printed aligners in orthodontics: Integrating digital design, materials science, and clinical biomechanics.Korean journal of orthodontics · 2026Review
- Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printable Aligner Resins: An In Vitro Study with FTIR Chemical Characterization.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Thermoforming time variability of PET-G and TPU aligner sheets across consecutive thermoforming cycles: an in vitro study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Force systems of direct printed and thermoformed aligners with different trimlines during rotational movements: an in vitro analysis.Progress in orthodontics · 2026Article
- Review
- Assessment of the Accuracy of Clear Aligner Therapy for Maxillary Expansion: A Prospective Clinical Study.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2026Article
- Biosensors in dental, oral and craniofacial applications.Npj biosensing · 2026Review
- Bruxism Simulation in Aligner Therapy: Effects on Restored Posterior Teeth.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Force comparison between Perfitalign 4D aligners and thermoformed aligners for mandibular incisor retraction: an in vitro study.Progress in orthodontics · 2025Article
- Comparative mechanical performance of thermoplastic materials for clear aligners under simulated oral conditions.Korean journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Clinical Success of Clear Aligners for Rotational Tooth Movements in Adult Patients: A Systematic Review.Dentistry journal · 2025Review
- Thermoplastics for Clear Aligners: A Review.Polymers · 2025Review
- Chemical, optical, and morphological properties of TPU and PET-G samples after aging in artificial saliva: an in vitro study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Static and dynamic mechanical properties of 3D-printed clear resin with embedded orthodontic metal wire.Progress in orthodontics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the stress relaxation properties of five different thermoplastic aligner materials subjected to 14 days of constant deflection. Five different thermoplastic aligner materials were selected, whose elastic properties varied: F22 Evoflex, F22 Aligner, Durasoft, Erkoloc-Pro and Duran. The static properties of these materials-in particular, stiffness, stress-strain curve and yield stress-were measured with a three-point bending test. For all the tests that were performed, a minimum of three samples per material were tested. The yield load, yield strength, deformation and particularly the stiffness of each material were found to be similar in the single-layer samples, while the double-layer samples showed far lower stiffness values and were similar one to another. F22 Evoflex and Erkoloc-Pro maintained the highest percentages of stress, 39.2% and 36.9%, respectively, during the 15-day period. Duran and Durasoft obtained the lowest final stress values, 0.5 MPa and 0.4 MPa, respectively, and the lowest percentage of normalized stress, 4.6% and 3.9%, respectively, during the 15-day period. All the materials that we tested showed a rapidity of stress decay during the first few hours of application, before reaching a plateau phase. The F22 Evoflex material showed the greatest level of final stress, with relatively constant stress release during the entire 15-day period. Further research after in vivo aging is necessary in order to study the real aligners' behavior during orthodontic treatment.
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Registered trials
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