ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2022
Tenofovir-Diphosphate in Dried Blood Spots vs Tenofovir in Urine/Plasma for Oral Preexposure Prophylaxis Adherence Monitoring.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06423612 (Randomized Trial to Optimize Virologic Suppression Rates Using a Point-of-Care Urine Monitoring Assay), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized Trial to Optimize Virologic Suppression Rates Using a Point-of-Care Urine Monitoring Assay (ROVING PUMA)
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adherence and HIV Protection Thresholds for Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Preexposure Prophylaxis among Cisgender Women: A Systematic Review.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Pooled it
- Behavioral and Structural Interventions for PrEP Adherence Among Young Female Sex Workers from Western Kenya.AIDS and behavior · 2026Trial
- Tenofovir, emtricitabine, lamivudine and dolutegravir concentrations in plasma and urine following drug intake cessation in a randomized controlled directly observed pharmacokinetic trial to aid point-of-care testing.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Trial
- Parallel declines in antiretroviral therapy adherence by dried blood spot and electronic monitoring in Cape Town, South Africa.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Adherence thresholds of tenofovir diphosphate in dried blood spots for HIV treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis: A scoping review.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2026Review
- Oral Fluid Concentrations of Tenofovir and Emtricitabine for Monitoring HIV Antiretroviral Adherence: Findings From a Randomized Trial with Directly Observed Therapy (TARGET Study).Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Integrating a Combination HIV Prevention Intervention Into a Widely Used Geosocial App for Chinese Men Who Have Sex With Men: Protocol for a Single-Arm Pilot and Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Are Sex-Specific Cutoffs Needed With a Next-Generation Urine Tenofovir Lateral Flow Assay for Antiretroviral Adherence Monitoring?Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Validation of the REverSe TRanscrIptase Chain Termination assay for measuring tenofovir diphosphate in dried blood spots from a clinical pharmacokinetic trial.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Point-of-care urine tenofovir monitoring of adherence to drive interventions for HIV treatment and prevention.Expert review of molecular diagnostics · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) measured in dried blood spots (DBS) and tenofovir (TFV) measured in urine/plasma have been used to measure TFV-based oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence. However, there are limited data comparing these 3 metrics and their appropriate use for PrEP adherence monitoring. Methods: We collected DBS, urine, and plasma samples from HIV-negative adults randomized to a low (2 doses/week), moderate (4 doses/week), or perfect (7 doses/week) adherence group (via directly observed therapy) of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) for 6 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout phase. Drug concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Linear mixed-effects modeling was used to examine associations between drug concentrations and dosing time. Results: Among 28 participants, the median age was 33 years, and 12 (43%) were female. At steady state, 25th percentile TFV-DP concentrations were 466, 779, and 1375 fmol/3 mm punch in the low, moderate, and perfect adherence group, respectively. Correlation was stronger between quantifiable TFV-DP and plasma TFV ( Conclusions: TFV-DP levels in DBS provide valuable insight into both dosing recency and cumulative doses from variable adherence patterns. Our observed benchmark TFV-DP concentrations were slightly higher than prior predicted estimates based on convenience samples.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.