ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2022
Geographic Influence Upon Noninfectious Diseases Accounting for Fever of Unknown Origin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- State-of-the-Art Review: Contemporary Ambulatory Approach to Adult Fever of Unknown Origin.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Review
- Article
- Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Classic Fever of Unknown Origin: Prognostic Outcomes and Management Strategies.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Value of Lymph Node Biopsy in Adult Patients with Classic Fever of Unknown Origin Accompanied by Lymphadenopathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Rickettsia typhi seroprevalence among patients with unexplained acute fever at the Sourô Sanou University Hospital Center (SSUHC), Burkina Faso.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Pyrexia of Unknown Origin (PUO) in South Asia: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic Gaps and Management Strategies.Research square · 2026Article
- Fungal diagnostic stewardship in immunocompromised populations: a focus on molds and dimorphic fungi.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Development of a Machine Learning-Based Prediction Model to Differentiate Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases in Patients with Undiagnosed Fever: A Single Hospital-Based Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Case Report: Benign myoepithelioma presenting as fever of unknown origin: a rare clinical manifestation of an uncommon tumor.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Atypical adult-onset Still's disease that fails to meet Yamaguchi and Fautrel criteria.BMJ case reports · 2025Article
- Uncertainty in the diagnosis and prognosis of adult-onset Still's disease.Biomarkers in medicine · 2025Article
- Distinguishing lymphoma from benign lymph node diseases in fever of unknown origin using PET/CT radiomics.EJNMMI research · 2024Article
- Recommendations for Updating Fever and Inflammation of Unknown Origin From a Modified Delphi Consensus Panel.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Nuclear Medicine Imaging Tools in Fever of Unknown Origin: Time for a Revisit and Appropriate Use Criteria.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Adult-onset Still's disease and fever of unknown origin in India.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Differential diagnosis of lymphoma withJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Observational
- Investigator-Determined Categories for Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) Compared With International Classification of Diseases-10 Classification of Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis With a Proposal for Revised FUO Classification.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Diagnostic outcomes for fever of unknown origin (FUO) remain with notable numbers of undiagnosed cases. A recent systemic review and meta-analysis of studies reported geographic variation in FUO-related infectious diseases. Whether geography influences types of FUO noninfectious diagnoses deserves examination. Methods: We systematically searched Medline (PubMed), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using medical subject headings published from January 1, 1997 to March 31, 2021. Prospective clinical studies investigating participants meeting adult FUO defining criteria were selected if they assessed final diagnoses. Meta-analyses were based on the random-effects model according to World Health Organization (WHO) geographical regions. Results: Nineteen studies with significant heterogeneity were analyzed, totaling 2667 participants. Noninfectious inflammatory disorders had a pooled estimate at 20.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.0%-23.0%). Undiagnosed illness had a pooled estimate of 20.0% (95% CI, 14.0%-26.0%). The pooled estimate for cancer was 15.0% (95% CI, 12.0%-18.0%). Miscellaneous conditions had a pooled estimate of 6.0% (95% CI, 4.0%-8.0%). Noninfectious inflammatory disorders and miscellaneous conditions were most prevalent in the Western Pacific region with a 27.0% pooled estimate (95% CI, 20.0%-34.0%) and 9.0% (95% CI, 7.0%-11.0%), respectively. The highest pooled estimated for cancer was in the Eastern Mediterranean region at 25.0% (95% CI, 18.0%-32.0%). Adult-onset Still's disease (114 [58.5%]), systemic lupus (52 [26.7%]), and giant-cell arteritis (40 [68.9%]) predominated among the noninfectious inflammatory group. Lymphoma (164 [70.1%]) was the most common diagnosis in the cancer group. Conclusions: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, noninfectious disease diagnostic outcomes varied among WHO-defined geographies. Evaluations for FUO should include local variations in disease prevalence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.