Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36003765›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in oncology2022

Chemotherapy reinforces anti-tumor immune response and enhances clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Lin Zhang, Chao Zhou, Songou Zhang, Xiaozhen Chen, Jian Liu, Fangming Xu, Wenqing Liang

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy for Solid Tumors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
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  20. SOX plus sintilimabWorld journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Lin ZhangDepartment of Pharmacy, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China.
Chao ZhouDepartment of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Guanghua Hospital, Zhoushan, China.
Songou ZhangCollege of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China.
Xiaozhen ChenCollege of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China.
Jian LiuDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Oriental Hepatobiliary Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Fangming XuDepartment of Gastroenterology, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China.
Wenqing LiangMedical Research Center, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

New evidence suggests that the clinical success of chemotherapy is not merely due to tumor cell toxicity but also arises from the restoration of immunosurveillance, which has been immensely neglected in previous preclinical and clinical researches. There is an urgent need for novel insights into molecular mechanisms and regimens that uplift the efficacy of immunotherapy since only a minority of cancer patients are responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Recent findings on combination therapy of chemotherapy and ICIs have shown promising results. This strategy increases tumor recognition and elimination by the host immune system while reducing immunosuppression by the tumor microenvironment. Currently, several preclinical studies are investigating molecular mechanisms that give rise to the immunomodulation by chemotherapeutic agents and exploit them in combination therapy with ICIs in order to achieve a synergistic clinical activity. In this review, we summarize studies that exhibit the capacity of conventional chemotherapeutics to elicit anti-tumor immune responses, thereby facilitating anti-tumor activities of the ICIs. In conclusion, combining chemotherapeutics with ICIs appears to be a promising approach for improving cancer treatment outcomes.

Indexed as

cancer treatmentchemotherapycombination therapyimmune checkpoint inhibitorstumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID36003765
PMCPMC9393416

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.