ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Current therapeutic strategies and perspectives in refractory ITP: What have we learned recently?
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Evaluation ofFrontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Romiplostim Versus Placebo in Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/HemostasisPooled it
- Single low-dose daratumumab enhances rituximab efficacy for sustained remission in treatment-refractory autoimmune cytopenias.Annals of hematology · 2026Article
- Relapsed Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Following COVID-19 Vaccination in a Patient With Autoimmune Cytopenias.Journal of medical cases · 2026Article
- A Comparative Analysis of the Efficacy, Safety and Mechanism of Action of Flebogamma DIF, Fostamatinib and Romiplostim in Immune Thrombocytopenia.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Immune thrombocytopenia in patients with connective tissue disease.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
- A Clinician Perspective for a Personalized Approach to Management of Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia with Targeted Therapies Alone or in Combination.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Miliary Tuberculosis With Immune Thrombocytopenia in 50-Year-Old Ethiopian Woman: A Case Report and Brief Review of Literature.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of eltrombopag, hetrombopag and romiplostim for second-line treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia in China.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Stratified assessment of platelets in sepsis: from dynamic counts to functional phenotypes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Emerging targeted therapies for primary immune thrombocytopenia: novel agents, combination strategies, and future directions.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Corticosteroids plus statins in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia and hyperlipidemia: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.Therapeutic advances in hematology · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristic of isolated thrombocytopenia in patients with bone marrow failure-related germline variants: a retrospective study from a single centre.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Differently expressed miRNA in plasma samples of immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients and its clinical significance.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: an emerging therapeutic strategy for hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Platelet count and sleep quality in immune thrombocytopenia: correlation with 5-hydroxytryptamine and therapeutic implications of platelet-5-HT-melatonin axis dysregulation.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Daratumumab and Romiplostim Combined Therapy for a Long-Standing Refractory Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia - Case Report.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Article
- Exosomal miR-146a-5p derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells regulate Th1/Th2 balance and alleviates immune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy.Human cell · 2024Article
- The long-term efficacy of eltrombopag in children with immune thrombocytopenia.Annals of hematology · 2024Article
- Splenomegaly and Response to Splenectomy in Immune Thrombocytopenia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune bleeding disorder featured by increased platelet destruction and deficient megakaryocyte maturation. First-line treatments include corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and intravenous anti-D immunoglobulin. Second-line treatments consist of rituximab, thrombopoietin receptor agonists and splenectomy. Although most patients benefit from these treatments, an individualized treatment approach is warranted due to the large heterogeneity among ITP patients. In addition, ITP patients may relapse and there remains a subset of patients who become refractory to treatments. The management of these refractory patients is still a challenge. This review aims to summarize emerging therapeutic approaches for refractory ITP in several categories according to their different targets, including macrophages, platelets/megakaryocytes, T cells, B cells, and endothelial cells. Moreover, current management strategies and combination regimens of refractory ITP are also discussed.
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