Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36001139›Full record

SynthesisEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2023

Racism and psychosis: an umbrella review and qualitative analysis of the mental health consequences of racism.

Felicia Boma Lazaridou, Saskia J Schubert, Tobias Ringeisen, Jakob Kaminski, Andreas Heinz, Ulrike Kluge

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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  4. Race, restriction, risk and reconviction: findings from an England and Wales medium secure cohort.Psychiatry, psychology, and law : an interdisciplinary journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law · 2026
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  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
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  15. Article
  16. Article
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  18. Observational
  19. Child maltreatment should be a priority for public mental health interventions.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2023
    Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Felicia Boma LazaridouDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany. felicia.lazaridou@charite.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0982-616X
Saskia J SchubertBerlin School of Economics and Law, Berlin, Germany.
Tobias RingeisenBerlin School of Economics and Law, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4863-5262
Jakob KaminskiDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8155-3683
Andreas HeinzDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5405-9065
Ulrike KlugeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3829-641X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Black people and People of Color are disproportionately affected by racism and show increased rates of psychosis. To examine whether racialized migrant groups are particularly exposed to racism and therefore have higher risks for psychosis, this paper (1) systematically assesses rates of psychosis among racialized migrant groups concerning the country of origin, and (2) analyzes interviews regarding the association of racism experiences with psychosis-related symptoms in racialized Black people and People of Color populations in Germany. We present an umbrella review of meta-analyses that report the incidence of positive symptoms (e.g., hallucinations and delusions) and negative symptoms (e.g., apathy and incoherent speech) of diagnosed schizophrenia, other non-affective psychotic disorders (e.g., schizoaffective disorder) or first-episode psychosis among migrants by country of origin. We also report 20 interviews with first- and second-generation migrants racialized as Black and of Color in Germany to capture and classify their experiences of racism as well as racism-associated mental health challenges. In the umbrella review, psychosis risk was greatest when migration occurred from developing countries. Effect size estimates were even larger among Caribbean and African migrants. In the qualitative study, the application of the constant comparative method yielded four subordinate themes that form a subclinical psychosis symptomatology profile related to experiences of racism: (1) a sense of differentness, (2) negative self-awareness, (3) paranoid ideation regarding general persecution, and (4) self-questioning and self-esteem instability. We here provide converging evidence from a quantitative and qualitative analysis that the risk of poor mental health and psychotic experiences is related to racism associated with minority status and migration.

Indexed as

Psychotic DisordersRacismSchizophreniaHallucinationsHumansMental HealthMeta-analysisMixed methods researchPsychosisRacismUmbrella review

Identifiers

PMID36001139
PMCPMC9400567

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.