ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2022
Inequalities by Income in the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease and Its Risk Factors in the Adult Population of Catalonia.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Socio-economic inequalities and heart failure morbidity and mortality: A systematic review and data synthesis.ESC heart failure · 2025Pooled it
- Association Between Cardiovascular Diseases and Lingual Varices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
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- Epidemiology and cardiometabolic care in adults with ASCVD and high 10-year ASCVD risk: 2021 WHO STEPS study in Iran.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Spatial heterogeneity and its influencing factors of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in a natural community population: a study based on Lingwu city, rural Northwest China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in the Relationship of Socioeconomic Position With Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Estimated Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Results of the German National Cohort.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity in disparities by income in cardiovascular risk factors across 209 US metropolitan areas.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Disparities in the access to atrial fibrillation ablation in Denmark: who gets ablated, who neglected?Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2024Article
- The global burden of ischemic heart disease attributed to high fasting plasma glucose: Data from 1990 to 2019.Heliyon · 2024Article
- First manifestation of cardiovascular disease according to age and sex in a Mediterranean country.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Temporal trends in inequalities of the burden of cardiovascular disease across 186 countries and territories.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- SCORE2 cardiovascular risk prediction models in an ethnic and socioeconomic diverse population in the Netherlands: an external validation study.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Dietary xenobiotics, (poly)phenols and fibers: Exploring associations with gut microbiota in socially vulnerable individuals.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
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Abstract
Background Understanding the magnitude of cardiovascular disease (CVD) inequalities is the first step toward addressing them. The linkage of socioeconomic and clinical data in universal health care settings provides critical information to characterize CVD inequalities. Methods and Results We employed a prospective cohort design using electronic health records data from all residents of Catalonia aged 18+ between January and December of 2019 (N=6 332 228). We calculated age-adjusted sex-specific prevalence of 5 CVD risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and smoking), and 4 CVDs (coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure). We categorized income into high, moderate, low, and very low according to individual income (tied to prescription copayments) and receipt of welfare support. We found large inequalities in CVD and CVD risk factors among men and women. CVD risk factors with the largest inequalities were diabetes, smoking, and obesity, with prevalence rates 2- or 3-fold higher for those with very low (versus high) income. CVDs with the largest inequalities were cerebrovascular disease and heart failure, with prevalence rates 2 to 4 times higher for men and women with very low (versus high) income. Inequalities varied by age, peaking at midlife (30-50 years) for most diseases, while decreasing gradually with age for smoking. Conclusions We found wide and heterogeneous inequalities by income in 5 CVD risk factors and 4 CVD. Our findings in a region with a high-quality public health care system and universal coverage stress that strong equity-promoting policies are necessary to reduce disparities in CVD.
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