ArticleHealth psychology research2022
Buprenorphine and its formulations: a comprehensive review.
Article in Health psychology research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Approved Medications for Substance Use Disorders: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Completed Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trials.CNS drugs · 2026Pooled it
- Strategy for effective analgesia with intravenous buprenorphine in patients with acute postoperative pain.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Pooled it
- Brixadi for Stimulant Use Disorder: Evolving Pharmacologic Considerations and Clinical Implications.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Medication transitions and predictors of illicit substance use during opioid agonist treatment: a three-year follow-up study.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2026Observational
- How should low-threshold and primary care clinics prepare to provide long-acting injectable buprenorphine? A qualitative implementation study of patient and staff perspectives.Research square · 2026Article
- Can Buprenorphine Be Overdosed? The Ceiling Effect and Its Clinical Implications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A systematic approach to develop and characterize a compositionally equivalent buprenorphine in situ forming implant (Sublocade®).Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Article
- Pain and treatment outcomes after initiating methadone vs buprenorphine among medicare patients with opioid use disorder and comorbid chronic pain: A target trial emulation.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Perioperative Management of Patients on Buprenorphine.Current pain and headache reports · 2026Review
- Clinical Responses to Cocaine-Positive Urine Drug Screens in Patients Receiving Chronic Opioid Therapy: A Four-Patient Case Series.Orthopedic reviews · 2026Article
- Primary Mucosal Routes of Opioid Administration for Treating Terminal Cancer Pain: Rectal, Buccal, and Intranasal Delivery.Cancer management and research · 2026Review
- Opioid dependence in patients with pain in chronic pancreatitis an emerging problem.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Long-Acting injectable buprenorphine PLGA microparticle formulation.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Use of Buprenorphine in Managing Cancer Pain and Transition to Survivorship.Clinical journal of oncology nursing · 2025Article
- Rural providers' attitudes toward integrating harm reduction strategies and PrEP prescribing into rural primary care settings in the US. Southeast and Midwest.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Article
- Subcutaneous Buprenorphine Is an Acceptable Preoperative Analgesic in Pregnant Ewes Undergoing Hysterotomy (Ovis aries).Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2025Article
- Intravenous Low-dose Buprenorphine for Acute Pain Management in the Emergency Department: A Case Series.Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Providers' Barriers to Buprenorphine Prescribing for Cancer-Related Pain.Journal of pain and symptom management · 2025Article
- Treating Opioid Use Disorder and Opioid Withdrawal in the Context of Fentanyl.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2025Review
- Challenges in Transitioning from Methadone to Buprenorphine-Naloxone for Chronic Pain Management: Two Cases.Psychopharmacology bulletin · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Buprenorphine, a novel long-acting analgesic, was developed with the intention of two purposes: analgesia and opioid use disorder. Regarding its pharmacodynamics, it is a partial agonist at mu receptors, an inverse agonist at kappa receptors, and an antagonist at delta receptors. For the purpose of analgesia, three formulations of buprenorphine were developed: IV/IM injectable formulation (Buprenex®), transdermal patch formulation (Butrans®), and buccal film formulation (Belbuca®). Related to opioid dependence, the formulations developed were subcutaneous extended release (Sublocade®), subdermal implant (Probuphine®), and sublingual tablets (Subutex®). Lastly, in order to avoid misuse of buprenorphine for opioid dependence, two combination formulations paired with naloxone were developed: film formulation (Suboxone®) and tablet formulation (Zubsolv®). In this review, we present details of each formulation along with their similarities and differences between each other and clinical considerations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.