ArticleScientific reports2022
Cytoskeletal assembly in axonal outgrowth and regeneration analyzed on the nanoscale.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Myosin 5A mediates membrane-associated periodic skeleton reassembly during axon regeneration in response to ROCK-2 inhibition.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Neuronal Calcium Signaling and Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Axon as a Self-Modifying Computational System: Autonomous Inference, Adaptive Propagation, and AI-Enabled Mechanistic Insight.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Spectrin condensates provide a nidus for assembling the axonal membrane-associated periodic skeleton.iScience · 2026Article
- Mechanobiology of Myelin Generation/Regeneration in Health and Disease.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2026Review
- The neuron-intrinsic membrane skeleton is required for motor neuron integrity throughout lifespan.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Super-resolution imaging of the neuronal cytoskeleton.Npj imaging · 2024Review
- The Axonal Actin Filament Cytoskeleton: Structure, Function, and Relevance to Injury and Degeneration.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- A fluid-walled microfluidic platform for human neuron microcircuits and directed axotomy.Lab on a chip · 2024Article
- Spectrins: molecular organizers and targets of neurological disorders.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2023Review
- Pathology of Initial Axon Segments in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy and Related Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The axonal cytoskeleton is organized in a highly periodic structure, the membrane-associated periodic skeleton (MPS), which is essential to maintain the structure and function of the axon. Here, we use stimulated emission depletion microscopy of primary rat cortical neurons in microfluidic chambers to analyze the temporal and spatial sequence of MPS formation at the distal end of growing axons and during regeneration after axotomy. We demonstrate that the MPS does not extend continuously into the growing axon but develops from patches of periodic βII-spectrin arrangements that grow and coalesce into a continuous scaffold. We estimate that the underlying sequence of assembly, elongation, and subsequent coalescence of periodic βII-spectrin patches takes around 15 h. Strikingly, we find that development of the MPS occurs faster in regenerating axons after axotomy and note marked differences in the morphology of the growth cone and adjacent axonal regions between regenerating and unlesioned axons. Moreover, we find that inhibition of the spectrin-cleaving enzyme calpain accelerates MPS formation in regenerating axons and increases the number of regenerating axons after axotomy. Taken together, we provide here a detailed nanoscale analysis of MPS development in growing axons.
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