ArticleEye (London, England)2023
Three-year change in refractive error and its risk factors: results from the Shahroud School Children Eye Cohort Study.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Risk factors for rapid axial length growth in a prospective cohort study of 3-year to 9-year-old Chinese children.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- The effect of defocus incorporated multiple segment spectacles' lenses combined with different concentrations atropine for myopia control.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The association between iris color and refractive errors in children.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Longitudinal Changes in Axial Length and Spherical Equivalent in Children and Adolescents With High Myopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Observational
- Article
- Baseline Refractive Error, Habitual Accommodative Tone, and Its Association With Myopia in Children: The Lhasa Childhood Eye Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- The Myopic Control Effect of Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments' Spectacle Lens With Atropine in High Myopia Population.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
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8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo determine spherical equivalent (SE) progression among children in the Shahroud School Children Eye Cohort Study.
methodsA prospective cohort study recruited children aged 6 to 12 years in 2015 (baseline) with a follow-up in 2018. Cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length (AL) measurements were included. SE progression over 3 years was analysed in non-myopic (SE ≥ + 0.76 D), pre-myopic (PM; SE between +0.75 D and -0.49 D), low myopic (LM; SE between -0.5 D and -5.99 D), and high myopic (HM; SE ≤ - 6 D) eyes. Age, sex, near work, outdoor time, living place, parental myopia, mother's education, and baseline SE were evaluated as risk factors for SE progression (≤ -0.50 D).
resultsData were available for 3989 children (7945 eyes). At baseline, 40.3% (n = 3205), 3.4% (n = 274) and 0.1% (n = 7) eyes had PM, LM and HM, respectively. At the 3-year follow-up, 40.5% (n = 3216), 7.5% (n = 599) and 0.2% (n = 15) eyes had PM, LM, and HM, respectively. SE progression in eyes with LM and HM was -1.08 ± 0.76 D and -1.60 ± 1.19 D, respectively. SE progression was associated with age at baseline (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.21), female sex (OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.48-2.18), near work (OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02-1.14), parental myopia (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01-1.42) and baseline SE (OR = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.88-2.78).
conclusionA myopic shift was associated with older age, female sex, near work, parental myopia and greater myopic baseline SE. These results help identifying children at risk of progression that may benefit from treatment and lifestyle counselling.
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