Observational studyBMJ open respiratory research2022
Clustering-based COPD subtypes have distinct longitudinal outcomes and multi-omics biomarkers.
Observational study in BMJ open respiratory research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00608764 (Genetic Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Genetic Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPDGene)
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Brief History of COPD: As Told by Some of Its Senior Scientists and Clinicians.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Joint clinical and molecular subtyping of COPD with variational autoencoders.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The Evolving Landscape of COPD Typization.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Machine learning assisted immune profiling of COPD identifies a unique emphysema subtype independent of GOLD stage.iScience · 2025Article
- Proteomic discovery analysis of quantitatively assessed emphysema in the general population. The MESA Lung Study.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- LungGENIE: the lung gene-expression and network imputation engine.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Characterizing ECOPD Phenotypes: Associations with In-Hospital Outcomes and Immunoinflammatory Mechanisms.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Observational
- Differential Association of COPD Subtypes With Cardiovascular Events and COPD Exacerbations.Chest · 2024Article
- Article
- ERS International Congress 2023: highlights from the Basic and Translational Sciences Assembly.ERJ open research · 2024Article
- Revealing chronic disease progression patterns using Gaussian process for stage inference.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2024Article
- Clustering-based COPD subtypes have distinct longitudinal outcomes and multi-omics biomarkers.BMJ open respiratory research · 2022Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can progress across several domains, complicating the identification of the determinants of disease progression. In our previous work, we applied k-means clustering to spirometric and chest radiological measures to identify four COPD-related subtypes: 'relatively resistant smokers (RRS)', 'mild upper lobe-predominant emphysema (ULE)', 'airway-predominant disease (AD)' and 'severe emphysema (SE)'. In the current study, we examined the associations of these subtypes to longitudinal COPD-related health measures as well as blood transcriptomic and plasma proteomic biomarkers.
methodsWe included 8266 non-Hispanic white and African-American smokers from the COPDGene study. We used linear regression to investigate cluster associations to 5-year prospective changes in spirometric and radiological measures and to gene expression and protein levels. We used Cox-proportional hazard test to test for cluster associations to prospective exacerbations, comorbidities and mortality.
resultsThe RRS, ULE, AD and SE clusters represented 39%, 15%, 26% and 20% of the studied cohort at baseline, respectively. The SE cluster had the greatest 5-year FEV
conclusionCOPD k-means subtypes demonstrate varying rates of disease progression, prospective comorbidities, mortality and associations to transcriptomic and proteomic biomarkers. These findings emphasise the clinical and biological relevance of these subtypes, which call for more study for translation into clinical practice. TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT00608764.
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Registered trials
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