Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35998304›Full record

ArticleMolecular pharmaceutics2022

Mechanisms and Extent of Enhanced Passive Permeation by Colloidal Drug Particles.

Akshay Narula, Rayan Sabra, Na Li

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.

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  13. Crisaborole-Enthused Glycerosomal Gel for an Augmented Skin Permeation.Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation · 2024
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Akshay NarulaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road Unit 3092, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.
Rayan SabraDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road Unit 3092, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.
Na LiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road Unit 3092, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-8941-4784
University of Connecticut · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Formulations containing nanosized drug particles such as nanocrystals and nanosized amorphous drug aggregates recently came into light as promising strategies to improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. However, the increased solubility due to the reduction in particle size cannot adequately explain the enhanced bioavailability. In this study, the mechanisms and extent of enhanced passive permeation by drug particles were investigated using atazanavir, lopinavir, and clotrimazole as model drugs. Franz diffusion cells with lipid-infused membranes were utilized to evaluate transmembrane flux. The impact of stirring rate, receiver buffer condition, and particle size was investigated, and mass transport analyses were conducted to calculate transmembrane flux. Flux enhancement by particles was found to be dependent on particle size as well as the partitioning behavior of the drug between the receiver solution and the membrane, which is determined by both the drug and buffer used. A flux plateau was observed at high particle concentrations above amorphous solubility, confirming that mass transfer of amorphous drug particles from the aqueous solution to the membrane occurs only through the molecularly dissolved drug. Mass transport models were used to calculate flux enhancement by particles for various drugs at different conditions. Good agreements were obtained between experimental and predicted values. These results should contribute to improved bioavailability prediction of nanosized drug particles and better design of formulations containing colloidal drug particles.

Indexed as

SolubilityDiffusionDrug CompoundingLopinavirMembranesLopinavirfluxliquid−liquid phase separationnanoparticlepermeabilityunstirred water layer

Identifiers

PMID35998304
PMCPMC9449982
OpenAlexW4292794368

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.