Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35998191›Full record

ArticlePloS one2022

A study of HBV infection and its risk factors in pregnant women in Zakho city, Iraq.

Fatima K Khalid, Narin A Rasheed, Nawfal R Hussein, Ibrahim A Naqid

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Fatima K KhalidDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, Zakho, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Iraq.
Narin A RasheedDepartment of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Iraq.ORCID 0000-0001-6438-4734
Nawfal R HusseinDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, Zakho, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Iraq.
Ibrahim A NaqidDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, Zakho, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Iraq.
University of Zakho · IQUniversity of Duhok · IQ

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite vaccine and antiviral treatment availability, hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to circulate among pregnant women in Iraq. HBV spread is due to many factors. This study evaluated HBV prevalence among pregnant women and Syrian refugees residing in Zakho city, Iraq, and identified risk factors associated with infection. MATERIALS AND

methodsDemographic data were collected from 2,054 pregnant women via a questionnaire assessing risk factors associated with HBV infection. Blood samples were collected for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and were screened using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

resultsTests revealed that 1.1% of pregnant women in Zakho and 11.3% of Syrian refugees (p = 0.001) were positive for HBsAg. The average age of HBsAg-positive patients was 31.4286 ± 6.6746 years (p = 0.002). Average rates of parity and abortion in HBV-infected subjects were 3.5 ± 2.6874 and 0.1785 ± 0.5479, respectively (p = 0.044 and 0.012, respectively). The following were identified as associated risk factors for HBV infection: nationality, (Zakho versus the city centre), tattoos, and polygamy (p = 0.001, 0.03, 0.007, and 0.001, respectively). No significant associations between HBV prevalence and blood transfusion, prior injection history, dental procedures, or surgical procedures were found.

conclusionThe prevalence of HBV infection among Syrian refugees was higher than that of indigenous participants. Several risk factors were significantly associated with HBV positivity, which may facilitate effective preventive program implementation and decrease mother-to-child transmission risk. This will likely reduce infant and childhood HBV chronicity, and mortality rates.

Indexed as

Hepatitis BPregnancy Complications, InfectiousAdultFemaleHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatitis B virusHumansInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalIraqPregnancyPregnant PeoplePrevalenceRisk FactorsYoung AdultHepatitis B Surface Antigens

Identifiers

PMID35998191
PMCPMC9397870
OpenAlexW4292845400

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.