ArticlePloS one2022
Prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety and stress among frontline healthcare workers at COVID-19 isolation sites in Gaborone, Botswana.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender differences in the prevalence of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder and associated factors among adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder among healthcare workers from sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review.BJPsych open · 2025Review
- Prevalence and Factors Associated with Common Mental Disorders and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Healthcare Workers in a Reference Center for Infectious Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey-Based Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Secondary Traumatic Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Coping Styles in Healthcare Workers After the Kahramanmaraş 2023 Earthquakes.Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Depression and its associated factors among health care workers in Saint Paul's hospital millennium medical college, Ethiopia.PloS one · 2024Article
- Emotional Responses of Hospital Staff to the DASS-21 Survey During Mass COVID-19 Testing After the Relaxation of Prevention and Control Measures in Zhejiang, China, and Their Change Trajectory.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Depressive Symptoms Among Healthcare Professionals at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2024Article
- Article
- Experiences of Registered Nurses Providing Care to COVID-19 Patients at Sir Ketumile Masire Teaching Hospital and Sekgoma Memorial Isolation Centre.SAGE open nursingArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with mental health outcomes and healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the highest risk. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety and stress, among frontline HCWs at COVID-19 isolation and treatment sites in Gaborone, Botswana.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires at the six (6) isolation facilities. The 42-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-42) was used to assess for the outcomes. The proportions are presented with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Logistic regression analysis identified predictors of the outcomes. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant.
resultsA total of 447 participants with a median age of 30 years responded. Depression, anxiety and stress were detected in 94 (21.0% (95% CI 17.3-25.1%)), 126 (28.2% (CI 24.1-32.6%)) and 71 (15.9% (12.6-19.6%)) of the participants respectively. Depression was associated with smoking (AOR 2.39 (95% CI 1.23-4.67)), working at the largest COVID-19 isolation centre, Sir Ketumile Masire Teaching Hospital (SKMTH) (AOR 0.25 (95% CI 0.15-0.43)) and experience of stigma (AOR 1.68 (95% CI 1.01-2.81)). Tertiary education (AOR 1.82 (95% CI 1.07-3.07)), SKMTH (AOR 0.49 (95% CI 0.31-0.77)), household members with chronic lung or heart disease (AOR 2.05 (95% CI 1.20-3.50)) and losing relatives or friends to COVID-19 (AOR 1.72 (95% CI 1.10-2.70)) were predictors of anxiety. Finally, predictors of stress were smoking (AOR 3.20 (95% CI 1.42-7.39)), household members with chronic heart or lung disease (AOR 2.44 (95% CI 1.27-4.69)), losing relatives or friends to COVID-19 (AOR 1.90 (1.05-3.43)) and working at SKMTH (AOR 0.24 (0.12-0.49)).
conclusionDepression, anxiety and stress are common among frontline HCWs working in the COVID-19 isolation sites in Gaborone. There is an urgent need to address the mental health outcomes associated with COVID-19 including addressing the risk factors identified in this study.
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