ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2022
Associations Between Childhood Obesity and Pubertal Timing Stratified by Sex and Race/Ethnicity.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Obesity and Overweight with Early Puberty in Boys: A Meta AnalysisJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Leptin Levels in Children and Adolescents with Normal Weight and Overweight/Obesity Across Pubertal Stages: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- The relationship between childhood obesity and male puberty development: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Agreement between three state-of-the-art deep learning bone age estimation models and chronological age in a large contemporary pediatric cohort.Pediatric radiology · 2026Article
- Association between childhood weight status and timing of puberty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Childhood body mass index trajectories and risk of overweight and obesity in young adulthood: a population-based prospective cohort study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Individual differences reveal distinct age and pubertal contributions to the refinement of the functional cortical hierarchy during adolescence.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal assessment of growth velocity in relation to pubertal timing, IGF-I, fasting insulin and fat mass in healthy boys.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- Human Sexual Development in the Somatic and Psychosexual Context.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Trends in central precocious puberty incidence in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Early Postnatal Growth and Pubertal Timing: An Ultrasound-Based Study of Breast and Testicular Development.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Hypothalamic neuroimmune remodeling as an immunometabolic bridge between childhood obesity and earlier pubertal onset.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Allostatic load and uterine fibroids: role in pathogenesis and racial disparities.Uterine research · 2026Review
- Article
- Incidence of central precocious puberty and the role of body mass index in Korea.Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2025Article
- The influence of adiposity status and the trajectories of obesity indicators on earlier puberty onset in girls: a longitudinal cohort study in Shanghai, China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Preventive Effects ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Treating Childhood Obesity: Building and Evaluating Evidence-Based Models of Integrated Care.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Review
- Associations Between Weight-Related Measurements and Pubertal Markers in Norwegian Girls: The Bergen Growth Study 2.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Article
- Insights into pubertal development: a narrative review on the role of epigenetics.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Earlier puberty has been associated with numerous adverse mental, emotional, and physical health outcomes. Obesity is a known risk factor for earlier puberty in girls, but research with boys has yielded inconsistent findings. We examined sex- and race/ethnicity-specific associations between childhood obesity and puberty in a multiethnic cohort of 129,824 adolescents born at a Kaiser Permanente Northern California medical facility between 2003 and 2011. We used Weibull regression models to explore associations between childhood obesity and breast development onset (thelarche) in girls, testicular enlargement onset (gonadarche) in boys, and pubic hair development onset (pubarche) in both sexes, adjusting for important confounders. Clear dose-response relationships were observed. Boys with severe obesity had the greatest risk for earlier gonadarche (hazard ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence limit: 1.15, 1.32) and pubarche (hazard ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence limit: 1.34, 1.55), while underweight boys had delayed puberty compared with peers with normal body mass index. A similar dose-response relationship was observed in girls. There were significant interactions between childhood body mass index and race/ethnicity. Childhood obesity is associated with earlier puberty in both boys and girls, and the magnitude of the associations may vary by race/ethnicity. Prevention of childhood obesity may delay pubertal timing and mitigate health risks associated with both conditions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.