Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35998059›Full record

ArticleTranslational vision science & technology2022

Pointwise Visual Field Estimation From Optical Coherence Tomography in Glaucoma Using Deep Learning.

Ruben Hemelings, Bart Elen, João Barbosa-Breda, Erwin Bellon, Matthew B Blaschko, Patrick De Boever, Ingeborg Stalmans

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Translational vision science & technology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Artificial Intelligence in Glaucoma Detection and Progression.Advances in ophthalmology and optometry · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Deep learning-based prediction of 24-2 visual field from fundus photographs in glaucoma.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Big data in visual field testing for glaucoma.Taiwan journal of ophthalmology
    Review
  19. Big data for imaging assessment in glaucoma.Taiwan journal of ophthalmology
    Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Ruben HemelingsResearch Group Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Bart ElenUnit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium.
João Barbosa-BredaResearch Group Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Erwin BellonDepartment of Information Technology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Matthew B BlaschkoESAT-PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Patrick De BoeverUnit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium.
Ingeborg StalmansResearch Group Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Flemish Institute for Technological Research · BEKU Leuven · BEHasselt University · BEHospital de São João · PTUniversitair Ziekenhuis Leuven · BE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: Standard automated perimetry is the gold standard to monitor visual field (VF) loss in glaucoma management, but it is prone to intrasubject variability. We trained and validated a customized deep learning (DL) regression model with Xception backbone that estimates pointwise and overall VF sensitivity from unsegmented optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans. Methods: DL regression models have been trained with four imaging modalities (circumpapillary OCT at 3.5 mm, 4.1 mm, and 4.7 mm diameter) and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy en face images to estimate mean deviation (MD) and 52 threshold values. This retrospective study used data from patients who underwent a complete glaucoma examination, including a reliable Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) 24-2 SITA Standard (SS) VF exam and a SPECTRALIS OCT. Results: For MD estimation, weighted prediction averaging of all four individuals yielded a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.89 dB (2.50-3.30) on 186 test images, reducing the baseline by 54% (MAEdecr%). For 52 VF threshold values' estimation, the weighted ensemble model resulted in an MAE of 4.82 dB (4.45-5.22), representing an MAEdecr% of 38% from baseline when predicting the pointwise mean value. DL managed to explain 75% and 58% of the variance (R2) in MD and pointwise sensitivity estimation, respectively. Conclusions: Deep learning can estimate global and pointwise VF sensitivities that fall almost entirely within the 90% test-retest confidence intervals of the 24-2 SS test. Translational Relevance: Fast and consistent VF prediction from unsegmented OCT scans could become a solution for visual function estimation in patients unable to perform reliable VF exams.

Indexed as

Deep LearningGlaucomaHumansRetrospective StudiesTomography, Optical CoherenceVision DisordersVisual Fields

Identifiers

PMID35998059
PMCPMC9424967
OpenAlexW4292775032

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.