ArticlePlant biotechnology journal2022
Gardenia carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4a is an efficient tool for biotechnological production of crocins in green and non-green plant tissues.
Article in Plant biotechnology journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bioconversion of carotenoids into high-value crocins using a marine sponge carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Regulation of apocarotenoids for quality improvement and biofortification of horticultural crops.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- An evolutionarily diverged CCD4 enzyme negatively regulates mesocotyl elongation in rice.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Heterologous Biosynthesis of Crocin I inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Sustainable and secretory production of saffron pigments in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and E. coli.Plant communications · 2025Article
- Novel plant cell suspension platforms for saffron apocarotenoid production and its impact on carotenoid and volatile profiles.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Montbretia flowers as a source of bioactive crocins: Biotechnology tools and delivery systems.Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Temporal gene expression profiling suggests stage-specific regulation of apocarotenoid biosynthesis genes during stigma development inPhysiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology · 2025Article
- Water-soluble carotenoid: focused on natural carotenoid crocin.Food science and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Beyond pigments and perfumes: engineering in the carotenoid and apocarotenoid spectrum, novel enzymes, and synthetic biology strategies.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Development of a UHPLC-MS method to avoid the in-source dissociation interference in characterization of crocins from Buddlejae flos and its dyeing yellow rice.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Article
- Research progress on the pharmacological activity, biosynthetic pathways, and biosynthesis of crocins.Beilstein journal of organic chemistry · 2024Review
- Research Progress in Heterologous Crocin Production.Marine drugs · 2023Review
- Article
- Synthesis of Crocin I and Crocin II by Multigene Stacking inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Production of Saffron Apocarotenoids inMetabolites · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Crocins are beneficial antioxidants and potential chemotherapeutics that give raise, together with picrocrocin, to the colour and taste of saffron, the most expensive spice, respectively. Crocins are formed from crocetin dialdehyde that is produced in Crocus sativus from zeaxanthin by the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 2L (CsCCD2L), while GjCCD4a from Gardenia jasminoides, another major source of crocins, converted different carotenoids, including zeaxanthin, into crocetin dialdehyde in bacterio. To establish a biotechnological platform for sustainable production of crocins, we investigated the enzymatic activity of GjCCD4a, in comparison with CsCCD2L, in citrus callus engineered by Agrobacterium-mediated supertransformation of multi genes and in transiently transformed Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. We demonstrate that co-expression of GjCCD4a with phytoene synthase and β-carotene hydroxylase genes is an optimal combination for heterologous production of crocetin, crocins and picrocrocin in citrus callus. By profiling apocarotenoids and using in vitro assays, we show that GjCCD4a cleaved β-carotene, in planta, and produced crocetin dialdehyde via C
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.