ArticleEpilepsia2022
International consensus recommendations for management of New Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE) incl. Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): Statements and Supporting Evidence.
Article in Epilepsia, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Advances and guidance in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy: a review by the Andalusian Epilepsy Society of the new drugs cenobamate, fenfluramine and cannabidiol].Revista de neurologia · 2024Guideline
- Neuromodulation in new-onset refractory status epilepticus.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical outcomes and unmet therapeutic needs in new-onset refractory status epilepticus: evidence from a retrospective cohort.Neurological research and practice · 2026Article
- Ketogenic diet therapy for children with super-refractory status epilepticus in intensive care: International clinical practice recommendations.Epilepsia open · 2026Review
- Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Strategies in Epilepsy: From Molecular Mechanisms to Threshold Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Ketogenic Diet in Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Retrospective Cohort Study with Severity-Matched Controls in Critically Ill Adults.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Rapid recovery after intrathecal dexamethasone in FIRES.Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape · 2026Article
- From clinical practice to mechanistic insights in ketogenic diets for epilepsy.The Lancet. Neurology · 2026Review
- A model of new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) using intrahippocampal kainic acid in adolescent mice.Epilepsy research · 2026Article
- Refractory Status Epilepticus Treated With Bilateral Pulvinar Deep Brain Stimulation-A Case Study.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Pharmacologic management of renal involvement in monogenic autoinflammatory diseases.European journal of medical research · 2026Review
- Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) in adults: a case report and review of factors associated with survival.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Clinical characteristics, etiology and outcome of new onset refractory status epilepticus in adults.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Blockade of Interleukin-6 Receptor with Tocilizumab During the Acute Phase of Childhood Immune-Mediated Epilepsy can Lead to a Favorable Outcome - an Observational Study.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Observational
- Ketogenic diet therapy in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: toward syndrome- and gene-informed precision therapy.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- The Clinical Outcomes of Tocilizumab Usage in Cryptogenic Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome at Both Acute and Chronic Phase: A Retrospective Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- An extreme type of new onset refractory status epilepticus with stimulus-induced seizures in pharmacological isoelectric states.Epilepsia · 2026Article
- Case Report: Tocilizumab in pediatric febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Ketogenic diet for status epilepticus in adult intensive care unit patients: a standard operating procedure.Neurological research and practice · 2025Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 9 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo develop consensus-based recommendations for the management of adult and paediatric patients with NORSE/FIRES based on best evidence and experience.
methodsThe Delphi methodology was followed. A facilitator group of 9 experts was established, who defined the scope, users and suggestions for recommendations. Following a review of the current literature, recommendation statements concerning diagnosis, treatment and research directions were generated which were then voted on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 9 (strongly agree) by a panel of 48 experts in the field. Consensus that a statement was appropriate was reached if the median score was greater or equal to 7, and inappropriate if the median score was less than or equal to 3. The analysis of evidence was mapped to the results of each statement included in the Delphi survey.
resultsOverall, 85 recommendation statements achieved consensus. The recommendations are divided into five sections: 1) disease characteristics, 2) diagnostic testing and sampling, 3) acute treatment, 4) treatment in the post-acute phase, and 5) research, registries and future directions in NORSE/FIRES. The detailed results and discussion of all 85 statements are outlined herein. A corresponding summary of findings and practical flowsheets are presented in a companion article. SIGNIFICANCE: This detailed analysis offers insight into the supporting evidence and the current gaps in the literature that are associated with expert consensus statements related to NORSE/FIRES. The recommendations generated by this consensus can be used as a guide for the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of patients with NORSE/FIRES, and for planning of future research.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.