ArticleMaternal & child nutrition2022
Exclusive breastfeeding: Measurement to match the global recommendation.
Article in Maternal & child nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Infants Younger Than 6 Months in Zambia.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Human-milk vitamin B-3 (niacin and vitamer) concentrations: secondary analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of maternal nicotinamide supplementation in rural Tanzania.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Breastfeeding in infancy confers sex-specific, long-term protection against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and adverse liver outcomes.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Breastfeeding self-efficacy in Italian mothers: the role of attachment, parental stress, and feeding practices.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Changes in General Overweight and Obesity, and Central Obesity from Birth to Early Adolescence.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Maternal recall of exclusive and any breastfeeding duration during the first 6 months- an examination of retrospective accuracy at 12 months within a large prospective breastfeeding survey in Germany.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- Effect of Nipple Shield Use on Exclusive Breastfeeding up to 6 Months in Mothers with Nipple Abnormalities: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Concentrations and Estimated Daily Intake of Legacy and Emerging PFAS in the Milk of Women Residing in the Greater Cincinnati Area.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Exclusive breastfeeding among infants in Jigawa State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional analysis.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Trends and determinants in breastfeeding among Korean infants (2007-2021): a nationwide study using the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2025Article
- Analysis of breastfeeding status and influencing factors among healthcare workers in Southwestern China.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Exclusive breastfeeding practices in Afghanistan: evidence from the 2022-2023 multiple indicator cluster survey.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Social Desirability Bias in a Randomized Controlled Trial That Included Breastfeeding Promotion in Western Kenya.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Breastfeeding Measurement - Considerations When Measuring Exclusive Breastfeeding.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2025Article
- Measuring breastfeeding prevalence using demographic and health surveys.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Recent advances of 3-fucosyllactose in health effects and production.Archives of microbiology · 2024Review
- Variation in maternal lactation practices associated with changes in diurnal maternal inflammation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Comparative Assessment of Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates From 24-Hour Recall and Since Birth Methods in Southwestern Pennsylvania Using Ecological Momentary Assessment.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2023Article
- Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of an infant's life and associated factors in a low-middle income country.International breastfeeding journal · 2023Article
- Exclusive breastfeeding among beneficiaries of a nutrition enhancement programme and its associated factors in Ghana.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) recommend exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months of life. To estimate the proportion of infants that are exclusively breastfed, many agencies use the point prevalence of EBF among infants currently 0-5.9 months of age, as recommended by WHO and UNICEF. This measure tends to overestimate the percentage of infants that are exclusively breastfed for the entire recommended period. We compared five methods of measuring EBF, using data from three large-scale cross-sectional surveys. The five methods were: the WHO/UNICEF recommended method (EBF-24H); an estimate of EBF for 6 months, using the 24-h recall among infants 4-5.9 and 6-7.9 months (EBF-24H-Pul); a since birth recall (EBF-SB); an estimate of EBF for 6 months, using the since-birth recall among infants 4-5.9 and 6-7.9 months (EBF-SB-Pul); a retrospective measure of EBF collected from infants 6-11.9 months, based on the age of introduction of liquids and foods (EBF-AI). EBF-24H-Pul and EBF-SB-Pul produced lower estimates of EBF than other measures, while also aligning better with the WHO recommendation, but may be difficult to estimate from multipurpose surveys due to sample size limitations. The EBF-AI method produced estimates between these, aligns well with the WHO recommendation and can be easily collected in large-scale household surveys. Additional validation of the EBF-24-Pul, EBF-SB-Pul, and EBF-AI methods is recommended to understand how accurately they measure EBF for the recommended 6-month period.
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