ArticleBMC neurology2022
Effectiveness of robot-assisted virtual reality mirror therapy for upper limb motor dysfunction after stroke: study protocol for a single-center randomized controlled clinical trial.
Article in BMC neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative efficacy of virtual reality interventions with varying immersion levels on upper limb motor function, hand dexterity, and independence in the daily life of stroke survivors: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of virtual reality with different modalities on upper limb recovery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis on optimizing stroke rehabilitation.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of robot assisted mirror therapy on motor function and cortical activation in patients with right hemisphere damage.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- 360° immersive virtual reality-based mirror therapy for upper extremity function and satisfaction among stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2024Trial
- Task-specific cortical mechanisms of taVNS-paired task-oriented training for post-stroke upper extremity dysfunction under cognitive load: an fNIRS study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Mirror therapy in the neuroadaptive training paradigm in rehabilitation and potential mechanisms of neural remodeling: a 20-year bibliometrics analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- A Scoping Review of Technology-Based Approaches for Upper Limb Motor Rehabilitation after Stroke: Are We Really Targeting Severe Impairment?Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Reminiscent music therapy combined with robot-assisted rehabilitation for elderly stroke patients: a pilot study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- The relationship between rehabilitation motivation and upper limb motor function in stroke patients.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- A mirror therapy system using virtual reality and an actuated exoskeleton for the recovery of hand motor impairments: a study of acceptability, usability, and embodiment.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Biopsychosocial effects and experience of use of robotic and virtual reality devices in neuromotor rehabilitation: A study protocol.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUpper limb motor dysfunction is a common sequela of stroke, and its clinical efficacy needs to be improved. This protocol describes a trial to verify the clinical efficacy of robot-assisted virtual reality mirror therapy (RAVRMT) in improving upper limb motor dysfunction in stroke patients, and to explore the central mechanism by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
methodsThis trial will be a single-center, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled clinical study. Thirty-two eligible patients will be randomly divided into 2 groups according to the ratio of 1:1, namely virtual reality mirror therapy (VRMT) group and robot-assisted virtual reality mirror therapy (RAVRMT) group. The interventions will be performed once a day for 4 weeks. Primary outcome is Fugl-Meyer motor function assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), secondary outcomes are the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), activities of daily living (ADL), quality of life (QOL), the pain visual analogue scale (VAS-pain) and fMRI. Adverse events will be recorded, and severe adverse events will be used as criteria to discontinue the intervention. DISCUSSION: Combined application of robot-assisted therapy and virtual reality mirror therapy could theoretically activate mirror neuron system and reward circuits to a greater extent, but further high-quality research is needed. The results of this trial will determine whether RAVRMT could better improve upper limb motor dysfunction after stroke and explore its central mechanism using fMRI.
trial registrationThis trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ChiCTR2200061721; 01 July 2022).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.