ArticleScientific reports2022
Unveiling Trail Making Test: visual and manual trajectories indexing multiple executive processes.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic landscape of adult executive function reveals a cell-type-specific developmental origin.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of fruit and vegetable intake on memory and attention: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in early Alzheimer's disease: A randomized controlled trial.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Trial
- Effects of the abacus-based mental calculation training application "SoroTouch" on cognitive functions: A randomized controlled trial.PloS one · 2024Trial
- Complex, but not simple, motor tasks assessment improves detection of motor-cognitive interaction in midlife.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Eye-tracking phenotypes reveal clinically meaningful heterogeneity of attention and executive control dysfunction after stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Cognitive, Motor and Oculomotor Contributions to the Trail Making Test in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
- The association between executive function and eye-hand coordination in older adults: the partial mediation of attention, global cognition, and muscle strength.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- ReacStick: Evaluating Executive Function Independent From Level of Education.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Graphomotor performance as a quantitative marker of Alzheimer's disease: a tablet-based case-control ROC study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Exploring cortical excitability modulation to promote cognitive resilience in aging: an rTMS study protocol.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- Motor-cognitive interactions in older adults: reliability and comparison of Trail Walking and Stepping Trail Making Tests.European geriatric medicine · 2025Article
- Investigating visual search mechanisms and enhancing the diagnostic potential of the trail making test using eTMT.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Age-Associated Cortical Thinning in Speech Motor Regions Precedes Hippocampal Decline: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Review
- Executive functions in adults born small for gestational age at term: a prospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Leisure Activities for Mild Cognitive Impairment: Reconsidering an Intriguing Hypothesis Through a Methodological Lens [Letter].Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Article
- Assessment of symptoms in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a comparative study of existing scales.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Web-based assessment of dual-task costs at different ages: an analysis across cognitive domains.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The Trail Making Test (TMT) is one of the most popular neuropsychological tests for executive functions (EFs) assessment. It presents several strengths: it is sensitive to executive dysfunction, it is easy to understand, and has a short administration. However, it has important limitations. First, the underlying EFs articulated during the task are not well discriminated, which makes it a test with low specificity. Second, the pen-and-paper version presents one trial per condition which introduces high variability. Third, only the total time is quantified, which does not allow for a detailed analysis. Fourth, it has a fixed spatial configuration per condition. We designed a computerised version of the TMT to overcome its main limitations and evaluated it in a group of neurotypical adults. Eye and hand positions are measured with high resolution over several trials, and spatial configuration is controlled. Our results showed a very similar performance profile compared to the traditional TMT. Moreover, it revealed differences in eye movements between parts A and B. Most importantly, based on hand and eye movements, we found an internal working memory measure that showed an association to a validated working memory task. Additionally, we proposed another internal measure as a potential marker of inhibitory control. Our results showed that EFs can be studied in more detail using traditional tests combined with powerful digital setups. The cTMT showed potential use in older adult populations and patients with EFs disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.