ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
SARS-CoV-2 prefusion spike protein stabilized by six rather than two prolines is more potent for inducing antibodies that neutralize viral variants of concern.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatiotemporal heterologous vaccination relies on type I interferons at priming to enhance mucosal immunity.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Multi-antigen coronavirus vaccine induces potent and durable cross-protection against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Article
- Variant-specific spike conformational dynamics shape memory B cell selection during recall.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Reactogenicity Marks an Innate Inflammatory Response Associated With HLA Variation and Enhanced Protection.Research square · 2026Article
- Rational design of a modular mRNA vaccine platform for rapid adaptation to SARS-CoV-2 variants.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Structural Basis of MERS-CoV Receptor Interactions and Antibody Neutralisations.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- A Mammalian Surface Display Platform to Optimize the Antigenicity of Viral Proteins for Vaccine Design.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- An HLA Association With COVID-19 Vaccine Reactogenicity Correlates With Fewer SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Monocyte Activation.Research square · 2025Article
- Intranasal measles virus- and mumps virus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immune Responses to Lumazine Synthase 60-mer Nanoparticle SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Article
- A Modular Mathematical Model of the Immune Response for Investigating the Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases.Viruses · 2025Article
- A high-throughput, fully automated competition assay to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing responses and epitope specificity in clinical samples.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Polysorbate-Based Lipid Nanoparticle Vaccine Formulation Induces In Vivo Immune Response Against SARS-CoV-2.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Article
- Skin patch delivery of a SARS-CoV-2 spike DNA vaccine produces broad neutralising antibody responses.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Boosting with Omicron-specific mRNA vaccine or historical SARS-CoV-2 vaccines elicits discriminating immune responses against Omicron variants.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Article
- Advanced technologies for the development of infectious disease vaccines.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024Review
- A nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine forming rabies virus-like particle elicits strong cellular and humoral immune responses against rabies virus infection in mice.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the main target for neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). The S protein trimer is anchored in the virion membrane in its prefusion (preS) but metastable form. The preS protein has been stabilized by introducing two or six proline substitutions, to generate stabilized, soluble 2P or HexaPro (6P) preS proteins. Currently, it is not known which form is the most immunogenic. Here, we generated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) expressing preS-2P, preS-HexaPro, and native full-length S, and compared their immunogenicity in mice and hamsters. The rVSV-preS-HexaPro produced and secreted significantly more preS protein compared to rVSV-preS-2P. Importantly, rVSV-preS-HexaPro triggered significantly more preS-specific serum IgG antibody than rVSV-preS-2P in both mice and hamsters. Antibodies induced by preS-HexaPro neutralized the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.427, and B.1.617.2 variants approximately two to four times better than those induced by preS-2P. Furthermore, preS-HexaPro induced a more robust Th1-biased cellular immune response than preS-2P. A single dose (10
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.