ArticlePloS one2022
Spatiotemporal cluster patterns of hand, foot, and mouth disease at the province level in mainland China, 2011-2018.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal analysis of pertussis in Shapingba District, China, 2014-2024.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- West-to-East transmission clusters and meteorological associations for severe hand foot and mouth disease in Shandong Province: a geospatial and GAM analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Spatial epidemiology of dengue and chikungunya in Karnataka using GIS-based analysis.Global health action · 2025Article
- Transmission components of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Guangdong Province and their association with meteorological factors: a modelling study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Analyzing the spatiotemporal effects of meteorological factors on hand, foot and mouth disease using mixed geographically and temporally weighted autoregressive models.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease outbreaks before and during availability of EV-A71 vaccine in China's mainland: analysis of outbreak surveillance data from 2011 to 2023.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of 5838 cases of enterovirus infection in children in Hangzhou from 2018 to 2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Influencing factors of hand, foot, and mouth disease based on structural equation modeling in Hubei, China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploring the spatiotemporal effects of meteorological factors on hand, foot and mouth disease: a multiscale geographically and temporally weighted regression study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Changing Epidemiology of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Causative Agents and Contributing Factors.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Review
- Spatiotemporal Changes and Influencing Factors of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Guangzhou, China, From 2013 to 2022: Retrospective Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Health-Related Quality of Life and Economic Burden Among Hospitalized Children with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Multiregional Study in China.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporal patterns and risk mapping of provincial hand, foot, and mouth disease in mainland China, 2014-2017.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and trends of hand-foot-mouth disease in Shanghai, China from 2011 to 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although three monovalent EV-A71 vaccines have been launched in mainland China since 2016, hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) still causes a considerable disease burden in China. Vaccines' use may change the epidemiological characters of HFMD. Spatial autocorrelation analysis and space-time scan statistics analysis were used to explore the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of this disease at the provincial level in mainland China. The effects of meteorological factors, socio-economic factors, and health resources on HFMD incidence were analyzed using Geodetector. Interrupted time series (ITS) was used to analyze the impact of the EV-A71 vaccine on the incidence of HFMD. This study found that the median annual incidence of HFMD was 153.78 per 100,000 (ranging from 120.79 to 205.06) in mainland China from 2011 to 2018. Two peaks of infections were observed per year. Children 5 years and under were the main morbid population. The spatial distribution of HFMD was presented a significant clustering pattern in each year (P<0.001). The distribution of HFMD cases was clustered in time and space. The range of cluster time was between April and October. The most likely cluster appeared in the southern coastal provinces (Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan) from 2011 to 2017 and in the eastern coastal provinces (Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang) in 2018. The spatial heterogeneity of HFMD incidence could be attributed to meteorological factors, socioeconomic factors, and health resource. After introducing the EV-A71 vaccine, the instantaneous level of HFMD incidence decreased at the national level, and HFMD incidence trended downward in the southern coastal provinces and increased in the eastern coastal provinces. The prevention and control policies of HFMD should be adapted to local conditions in different provinces. It is necessary to advance the EV-A71 vaccination plan, expand the vaccine coverage and develop multivalent HFMD vaccines as soon as possible.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.