ArticleAging and cancer2022
Increased risk of cancer in dogs and humans: a consequence of recent extension of lifespan beyond evolutionarily-determined limitations?
Article in Aging and cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oncolytic Viruses for Cancer Therapy in Dogs.Viruses · 2026Pooled it
- Spontaneous tumors in dogs and cats in Algeria: a dual-source descriptive study of practitioner-reported patterns and histopathology-submitted cases.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Article
- Synergistic apoptotic and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-inhibitory effects ofVeterinary world · 2026Article
- A review of spontaneous bone metastases in domestic and laboratory animals.Journal of bone oncology · 2026Review
- Multimorbidity as a predictor of mortality in companion dogs.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Conserved mRNA expression patterns of the Klotho family in canine mammary tumors and human breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Harnessing archaeogenetic for cancer therapy: bridging ancient DNA insights with modern therapeutic innovations.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Review
- Comparative Cancer Genetics and Veterinary Therapeutics in Dogs and Cats: A Species-Aware Framework for Comparative Oncology.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The oncogenome of the domestic cat.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Cancer Across Domestic Animals: A Descriptive Review from the Veterinarian's Perspective.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Every Tumour Counts: A Comprehensive Overview of Canine Oncology in Portugal.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Retrospective Analysis of Prevalence of Tumors in Dogs and Cats in Lithuania.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Knowledge, Perceptions, Attitudes, and Practices of Dog and Cat Owners Regarding Skin Tumors: A Cross-Sectional Study.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Evolutionary Dynamics of Oncosuppression Under Selection Pressure.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Testicular Tumors and Environmental Pollution: A Comparative Oncoepidemiology Study in the Campania Region from 2020 to 2023.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Characterization of a Potential Therapeutic Anti-Canine PD-1 Single Domain Antibody Produced in Yeast.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- The Beneficial Use ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Pet cancer cases and patterns of treatment at a Spanish veterinary teaching hospital: a retrospective study from 2015 to 2024.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer is among the most common causes of death for dogs (and cats) and humans in the developed world, even though it is uncommon in wildlife and other domestic animals. We provide a rationale for this observation based on recent advances in our understanding of the evolutionary basis of cancer. Over the course of evolutionary time, species have acquired and fine-tuned adaptive cancer protective mechanisms that are intrinsically related to their energy demands, reproductive strategies, and expected lifespan. These cancer protective mechanisms are general across species and/or specific to each species and their niche, and they do not seem to be limited in diversity. The evolutionarily acquired cancer-free longevity that defines a species' life history can explain why the relative cancer risk, rate, and incidence are largely similar across most species in the animal kingdom despite differences in body size and life expectancy. The molecular, cellular, and metabolic events that promote malignant transformation and cancerous growth can overcome these adaptive, species-specific protective mechanisms in a small proportion of individuals, while independently, some individuals in the population might achieve exceptional longevity. In dogs and humans, recent dramatic alterations in healthcare and social structures have allowed increasing numbers of individuals in both species to far exceed their species-adapted longevities (by 2-4 times) without allowing the time necessary for compensatory natural selection. In other words, the cancer protective mechanisms that restrain risk at comparable levels to other species for their adapted lifespan are incapable of providing cancer protection over this recent, drastic and widespread increase in longevity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.