SynthesisFrontiers in neuroscience2022
Brain-machine interface-based training for improving upper extremity function after stroke: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Synthesis in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06409754 (Application of Functional Electrical Stimulation Therapy Coupled to a P300-based Brain-Computer Interface for Paretic Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Chronic Stroke), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Application of Functional Electrical Stimulation Therapy Coupled to a P300-based Brain-Computer Interface for Paretic Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Brain-Computer Interface Therapy for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Chronic Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of brain-computer interface-based rehabilitation on upper limb function, activities of daily living, and adverse events in patients with early stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of brain-computer interface for stroke rehabilitation: an overview of systematic review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Hand-worn devices for assessment and rehabilitation of motor function and their potential use in BCI protocols: a review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Acupuncture combined with balloon dilation for post-stroke cricopharyngeal achalasia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation on upper extremity motor function recovery after stroke: a meta-analysis and dose-response study.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- EEG vs. Hybrid EEG-fNIRS BCI for FES Control in Healthy Subjects: A Blind Randomized Study and an Open Dataset.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Trial
- Brain computer interface training with motor imagery and functional electrical stimulation for patients with severe upper limb paresis after stroke: a randomized controlled pilot trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Reopening Motor Learning Windows: Targeted Re-Engagement of Latent Pathways via Non-Invasive Neuromodulation.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Brain-computer interface technology for motor rehabilitation in severe stroke: a narrative review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Neurofeedback and Brain-Computer Interface-Based Methods for Post-stroke Rehabilitation.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2025Review
- Article
- Combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Functional Electrical Stimulation for Upper Limbs in Individuals with Stroke: A Systematic Review.Neurology international · 2025Review
- Estimation of Upper Limb Motor Function and Its Use in Activities of Daily Living Based on the Performance Time Required for the Cylinder Transfer Task in Patients with Post-Stroke Mild Hemiparesis: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The Potential of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Therapeutic Tool Following a Stroke (Review).Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine · 2025Review
- A multiple session dataset of NIRS recordings from stroke patients controlling brain-computer interface.Scientific data · 2024Article
- Brain-Computer Interfaces with Intracortical Implants for Motor and Communication Functions Compensation: Review of Recent Developments.Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine · 2024Review
- Brain-Computer Interfaces for Upper Limb Motor Recovery after Stroke: Current Status and Development Prospects (Review).Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine · 2023Review
- Sensorimotor Rhythm-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces for Motor Tasks Used in Hand Upper Extremity Rehabilitation after Stroke: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Advancing stroke rehabilitation: the potential and challenges of closed-loop brain-computer interface technology.Frontiers in neurologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Upper extremity dysfunction after stroke is an urgent clinical problem that greatly affects patients' daily life and reduces their quality of life. As an emerging rehabilitation method, brain-machine interface (BMI)-based training can extract brain signals and provide feedback to form a closed-loop rehabilitation, which is currently being studied for functional restoration after stroke. However, there is no reliable medical evidence to support the effect of BMI-based training on upper extremity function after stroke. This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BMI-based training for improving upper extremity function after stroke, as well as potential differences in efficacy of different external devices. Methods: English-language literature published before April 1, 2022, was searched in five electronic databases using search terms including "brain-computer/machine interface", "stroke" and "upper extremity." The identified articles were screened, data were extracted, and the methodological quality of the included trials was assessed. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1 software. The GRADE method was used to assess the quality of the evidence. Results: A total of 17 studies with 410 post-stroke patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that BMI-based training significantly improved upper extremity motor function [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.34, 0.90); Conclusion: BMI-based training improved upper limb motor function and ADL in post-stroke patients. BMI combined with FES or visual feedback may be a better combination for functional recovery than robot. BMI-based trainings are well-tolerated and associated with mild adverse effects.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.