ArticleJournal of graduate medical education2022
Quantifying For-Profit Outcomes in GME: A Multispecialty Analysis of Board Certifying Examination Pass Rates in For-Profit Affiliated Residency Programs.
Article in Journal of graduate medical education, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Declining Performance on the Qualifying Examination: Modeling of a Potential Inflection Point in Emergency Medicine.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2026Article
- Response to: Training Primary Care Physicians in For-Profit, Value-Based Care Clinics.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Article
- Growth of for-profit involvement in emergency medicine graduate medical education and association between for-profit affiliation and resident salary.AEM education and training · 2022Article
- Competing Incentives: For-Profit Hospitals Add Complexity to Graduate Medical Education (Journal of graduate medical education · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The number of for-profit hospitals has increased in the United States, but their role in and outcomes for graduate medical education (GME) are unclear. Objectives: To describe for-profit involvement in internal medicine (IM), general surgery (GS), and pediatrics GME by quantifying change in for-profit affiliated residency programs and comparing for-profit and nonprofit affiliated program board certifying examination pass rates. Methods: We used Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and Medicare data to quantify for-profit prevalence in IM, GS, and pediatrics GME from 2001 to 2021. We used public pass rate data from the American Board of Surgeons (2017-2019; n=242 programs; 6562 examinees), American Board of Internal Medicine (2018-2020; n=465 programs; 23 922 examinees), and American Board of Pediatrics (2018-2020; n=202 programs; 9819 examinees) to model the relationship between profit status and pass rate within each specialty and across specialties combined using linear regression. Results: The proportion of for-profit affiliated residency programs increased 400.0% in IM, 334.4% in GS, and 23.2% in pediatrics from 2001 to 2021. Bivariate linear regression revealed significantly lower pass rate in for-profit affiliated programs in IM β =-7.73, Conclusions: The proportion of for-profit affiliated residency programs has increased in IM, GS, and pediatrics from 2001 to 2021. After controlling for covariates, for-profit affiliated programs were associated with lower board examination pass rates in pediatrics with no association in IM, GS, or the combined measure.
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