Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35991054›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in public health2022

PD-1 inhibitor-associated type 1 diabetes: A case report and systematic review.

Cuiping Lin, Xuan Li, Yu Qiu, Zheng Chen, Jianping Liu

Open access · goldAbstract readCase ReportsSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Understanding the Therapeutic Potential of PD-1 Agonism in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Update on Measuring Ketones.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Cuiping LinDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Xuan LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Yu QiuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Zheng ChenDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Jianping LiuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University · CNNanchang University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics of programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) inhibitor-associated type 1 diabetes so as to improve the ability of clinicians to correctly diagnose and treat it. Methods: We reported a case of a 70-year-old woman with gastric cancer who developed hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma during camrelizumab (a PD-1 inhibitor) treatment and was diagnosed with PD-1 inhibitor-associated type 1 diabetes. We conducted a systematic review of 74 case reports of type 1 diabetes associated with PD-1 inhibitor therapy published before June 2022. Results: The patient developed type 1 diabetes with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma after receiving camrelizumab chemotherapy for 6 months (9 cycles). We searched 69 English articles comprising 75 patients, all of whom had been treated with a PD-1 inhibitor (nivolumab or pembrolizumab) and progressed to diabetes after an average of 6.11 (1-28) cycles. Nivolumab combined with ipilimumab (a cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 inhibitor) had the shortest onset (4.47 cycles on average). A total of 76% (57/75) of patients developed diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at onset, and 50.67% (38/75) of patients had C-peptide <0.1 ng/mL. Most of the patients were tested for insulin autoantibodies, with a positive rate of 33.33% (23/69); of these, 86.96% (20/23) were tested for glutamate decarboxylase antibody and 46.67% (35/75) were tested for human leukocyte antigen (HLA). HLA-DR4 was the most common type. Conclusions: The progression of type 1 diabetes induced by PD-1 inhibitors is relatively rapid. Islet failure often occurs when detected, seriously endangering patients' lives. Patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors should closely monitor their plasma glucose level during treatment to detect, diagnose, and treat diabetes on time.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1NivolumabAgedComaFemaleHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsNivolumabcamrelizumabdiabetesimmune checkpoint inhibitorinsulinPD-1 inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID35991054
PMCPMC9389003
OpenAlexW4289860804

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.