ArticleLancet (London, England)2022
The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
Article in Lancet (London, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 547 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
TirolGESUND: General Exercise, Smoking Undone, and Nutrition Diet
Pre-Diagnosis GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Post-Cancer Mortality in Adults With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation
Who cites it
547 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 899 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and prevalence of colorectal cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of global data.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Economic evaluations of neoadjuvant drug regimens in cancer: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
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- Optimising the European Code Against Cancer, 5th edition, to increase awareness of avoidable cancer risks in all socioeconomic groups.Molecular oncology · 2026Trial
- The 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Score and Cancer Risk: results from the diabetes prevention program outcomes study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Effects of a Physical Activity mHealth Intervention (Fit2Thrive) on WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommendations among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Secondary Data Analysis.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Trial
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- Cost of Treating Patients Who Undergo Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases: An Australian Pilot Study.Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology · 2026Article
- Awareness of the mythical causes of cancer in central Uganda: a community cross-sectional survey.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- The Global Burden and Temporal Trends of Psoriasis, 1990-2021: Implications From the COVID-19 Pandemic.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Survival and Mortality Predictors in Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort of 10 556 Brazilian Patients.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer attributable to modifiable risk factors, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Metabolic Modulation in Cancer Care: The Potential Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026Review
- Global Burden of Intracerebral Hemorrhage, 1990-2021, and Projections to 2050: A Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
- Interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins at the tumour-immune interface: A four-axis framework for their context-dependent roles.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
487 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally.
methodsThe GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented.
findingsGlobally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01-4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3-48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1-45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60-3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8-54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36-1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5-41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6-28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8-25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9-42·8] and 33·3% [25·8-42·0]).
interpretationThe leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden.
fundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.