ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2022
Physical activity from menarche-to-first pregnancy and risk of breast cancer: the California teachers study.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Scoping Review.International journal of breast cancer · 2026Review
- The role of body mass index and tumor necrosis factor α in breast cancer development: a case-control study.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Association between pre-diagnosis recreational physical activity and risk of breast cancer recurrence: the California Teachers Study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Article
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Early Breast Cancer: Update 2024.Breast care (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Outcomes of physical exercises on initiation, progression, and treatment of breast cancer.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Early Breast Cancer: Update 2023.Breast care (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A review of the impact of energy balance on triple-negative breast cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2023Review
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4 authors.
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Abstract
purposeA longer menarche-to-first pregnancy window of susceptibility (WOS) is associated with increased breast cancer risk. Whether physical activity, an established preventive risk factor, during the menarche-to-first pregnancy WOS offsets breast cancer risk overall or for specific molecular subtypes is unclear.
methodsWe examined the prospective association between physical activity during the menarche-to-first pregnancy WOS and breast cancer risk in the California Teachers Study (N = 78,940). Recreational physical activity at multiple timepoints were recalled at cohort entry, and converted to metabolic equivalent of task hours per week (MET-hrs/wk). We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsWe observed 5,157 invasive breast cancer cases over 21.6 years of follow-up. Longer menarche-to-first pregnancy WOS (≥ 20 vs. < 15 years) was associated with higher breast cancer risk (HR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.13-1.34). Women with higher physical activity level during menarche-to-first pregnancy had lower risk of invasive breast cancer (≥ 40 vs. < 9 MET-hrs/wk: HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.83-0.97) and triple-negative subtype (≥ 40 vs. < 9 MET-hrs/wk: HR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.32-0.87). No association was observed for luminal A-like and luminal B-like subtypes. Higher physical activity level was associated with lower breast cancer risk among women with moderate (15-19 years) menarche-to-first pregnancy intervals (≥ 40 vs. < 9 MET-hrs/wk: HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.69-0.92), but not with short (< 15 years) or long (≥ 20 years) intervals.
conclusionPhysical activity during a WOS was associated with lower breast cancer risk in our cohort. Understanding timing of physical activity throughout the life course in relationship with breast cancer risk maybe important for cancer prevention strategies.
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