Observational studyInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2022
Nucleocapsid and spike antibody responses following virologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection: an observational analysis in the Virus Watch community cohort.
Observational study in International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparable safety and non-inferior immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate PTX-COVID19-B and BNT162b2 in a phase 2 randomized, observer-blinded study.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Assessment of Residual-Serum SARS-CoV-2-N-Antigen Testing for Hospital Surveillance in Germany.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Previous COVID-19 Vaccination Modulates Type I Interferon and Natural Killer Cell Responses During SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Long-term sex differences in symptoms and immune profile in long COVID.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- The impact of statistical adjustment for assay performance on inferences from SARS-CoV-2 serological surveillance studies.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- From first infection to reinfection: Comparing Nucleocapsid antibody kinetics in vaccinated and unvaccinated adults.Vaccine · 2025Article
- Comparison of Infection-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Across Large-Scale Residual Samples From Blood Donors, Commercial Laboratories, and Health Checkups in Japan, 2023.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Identification of undetected SARS-CoV-2 infections by clustering of Nucleocapsid antibody trajectories.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Anti-nucleocapsid and anti-spike antibody trajectories in people with post-covid condition versus acute-only infections: a nested longitudinal case-control study within the Virus Watch prospective cohort.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Nucleocapsid Antibody Response Among Previously Infected US Adults: The C4R Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Vaccination caused an underestimation of the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Nucleocapsid Antibodies as an Optimal Serological Marker of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Longitudinal Study at the Thomayer University Hospital.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Article
- Factors modulating maternofetal transfer of IgG antibodies following SARS-CoV-2 gestational infection.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2025Article
- Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody landscape in Norway in the late summer of 2022: high seroprevalence in all age groups with patterns of primary Omicron infection in children and hybrid immunity in adults.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Infection- and Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence, Japan, 2023.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Canadian blood donors: Insight into donor representativeness of the general population.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Trends in the Netherlands in the Variant of Concern Era: Input for Future Response.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in vaccine-naïve participants from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Guinea, Liberia, and Mali.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2024Article
- The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in Australian children: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Anti-nucleocapsid antibody levels following initial and repeat SARS-CoV-2 infections in a cohort of long-term care facility residents in England (VIVALDI).Wellcome open research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesSeroprevalence studies can provide a measure of SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence, but a better understanding of spike and nucleocapsid (anti-N) antibody dynamics following infection is needed to assess the longevity of detectability.
methodsAdults aged ≥18 years, from households enrolled in the Virus Watch prospective community cohort study in England and Wales, provided monthly capillary blood samples, which were tested for spike antibody and anti-N. Participants self-reported vaccination dates and past medical history. Previous polymerase chain reaction (PCR) swabs were obtained through Second Generation Surveillance System linkage data. The primary outcome variables were seropositivity and total anti-N and spike antibody levels after PCR-confirmed infection.
resultsA total of 13,802 eligible individuals provided 58,770 capillary blood samples. A total of 537 of these had a previous positive PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 0-269 days of antibody sample date, among them 432 (80.45%) having a positive anti-N result. Median anti-N levels peaked between days 90 and 119 after PCR results and then began to decline. There is evidence of anti-N waning from 120 days onwards, with earlier waning for females and younger age categories.
conclusionOur findings suggest that anti-N has around 80% sensitivity for identifying previous COVID-19 infection, and the duration of detectability is affected by sex and age.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.