Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35987171›Full record

ArticleClinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)2022

Evaluation of novel plantar pressure-based 3-dimensional printed accommodative insoles - A feasibility study.

Brittney C Muir, Jing-Sheng Li, Yuri F Hudak, G Eli Kaufman, Scott Cullum, Patrick M Aubin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Durability and offloading performance of 3D-printed multilayer lattice for accommodative insoles.Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Static and dynamic optimisation of fluid-filled responsive orthotic insoles.Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. 3D Printing of Individual Running Insoles - A Case Study.Orthopedic research and reviews · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Brittney C MuirDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; VA RR&D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility (CLiMB), Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: bcmuir@uw.edu.
Jing-Sheng LiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; VA RR&D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility (CLiMB), Seattle, WA, USA.
Yuri F HudakDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; VA RR&D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility (CLiMB), Seattle, WA, USA.
G Eli KaufmanVA RR&D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility (CLiMB), Seattle, WA, USA.
Scott CullumDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; VA RR&D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility (CLiMB), Seattle, WA, USA.
Patrick M AubinDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; VA RR&D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility (CLiMB), Seattle, WA, USA.

Funding

RRD VA I01 RX003539RRD VA I21 RX004631RRD VA I50 RX002357RRD VA IK2 RX002130
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCustom insoles are commonly prescribed to patients with diabetes to redistribute plantar pressure and decrease the risk of ulceration. Advances in 3D printing have enabled the creation of 3D-printed personalized metamaterials whose properties are derived not only from the base material but also the lattice microstructures within the metamaterial. Insoles manufactured using personalized metamaterials have both patient-specific geometry and stiffnesses. However, the safety and biomechanical effect of the novel insoles have not yet been tested clinically.

methodsIndividuals without ulcer, neuropathy, or deformity were recruited for this study. In-shoe walking plantar pressure at baseline visit was taken and sensels with pressure over 200 kPa was used to define offloading region(s). Three pairs of custom insoles (two 3D printed insoles with personalized metamaterials (Hybrid and Full) designed based on foot shape and plantar pressure mapping and one standard-of-care diabetic insole as a comparator). In-shoe plantar pressure measurements during walking were recorded in a standardized research shoe and the three insoles and compared across all four conditions.

findingsTwelve individuals were included in the final analysis. No adverse events occurred during testing. Maximum peak plantar pressure and the pressure time integral were reduced in the offloading regions in the Hybrid and Full but not in the standard-of-care compared to the research shoe.

interpretationThis feasibility study confirms our ability to manufacture the 3D printed personalized metamaterials insoles and demonstrates their ability to reduce plantar pressure. We have demonstrated the ability to modify the 3D printed design to offload certain parts of the foot using plantar pressure data and a patient-specific metamaterials in the 3D printed insole design. The advance in 3D printed technology has shown its potential to improve current care.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusDiabetic FootFoot OrthosesEquipment DesignFeasibility StudiesFootHumansPressurePrinting, Three-DimensionalShoesWalking3D printed diabetic insolesDiabetic insolesPersonalized metamaterials (PMM)Plantar pressurePressure time integral

Identifiers

PMID35987171
PMCPMC10786586

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.