ArticleHealth and quality of life outcomes2022
Impact of long-COVID on health-related quality of life in Japanese COVID-19 patients.
Article in Health and quality of life outcomes, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Health-related quality of life in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of EQ-5D studies.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating health-related quality of life in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis of EQ-5D-based studies.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- Biopsychosocial factors associated with health-related quality of life in long COVID: a matched case-control study in primary care.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- Impact of long COVID on health-related quality-of-life among Japanese adults: findings of CARE Japan study.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- One-Year Survival and Changes in Care Needs Among Hospitalized Older Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Japan: A Nara Kokuho Database Analysis.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2026Article
- The impact of respiratory diseases on quality of life since the pandemic: a dual perspective based on objective consumption upgrading and subjective well-being.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Comparison of long-term health-related quality of life and symptoms between COVID-19 patients and test-negative controls during the Omicron-predominant period in Japan.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Impact of Long COVID on Health-Related Quality of Life Among COVID-19 Survivors in Saudi Arabia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The health-related quality of life among survivors with post-COVID conditions in the United States.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Well-being among people with long and short COVID: a serial cross-sectional study in Victoria, Australia.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Long COVID in Elderly COPD Patients: Clinical Features, Pulmonary Function Decline, and Proteomic Insights.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Article
- Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Compared with Molnupiravir in Patients at High Risk for Progression to Severe COVID-19 in Japan.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 vaccination status on hospitalization and disease severity: A descriptive study in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- The long COVID and its mental health manifestations - the review of literature.International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health · 2024Review
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of NVX-CoV2373 COVID-19 vaccination for elderly people in Japan.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Health-Related Quality of Life in the Japanese Population: A Large Health-Insurance-Based Database Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Thematic analysis to explore patients' experiences with long COVID-19: a conceptual model of symptoms and impacts on daily lives.BMJ open · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe empirical basis for a quantitative assessment of the disease burden imposed by long-COVID is currently scant. We aimed to inform the disease burden caused by long-COVID in Japan.
methodsWe conducted a cross sectional self-report questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was mailed to 526 eligible patients, who were recovered from acute COVID-19 in April 2021. Answers were classified into two groups; participants who have no symptom and those who have any ongoing prolonged symptoms that lasted longer than four weeks at the time of the survey. We estimated the average treatment effect (ATE) of ongoing prolonged symptoms on EQ-VAS and EQ-5D-3L questionnaire using inverse probability weighting. In addition to symptom prolongation, we investigated whether other factors (including demography, lifestyle, and acute severity) were associated with low EQ-VAS and EQ-5D-3L values, by multivariable linear regression.
results349 participants reported no symptoms and 108 reported any symptoms at the time of the survey. The participants who reported any symptoms showed a lower average value on the EQ-VAS (69.9 vs 82.8, respectively) and on the EQ-5D-3L (0.85 vs 0.96, respectively) than those reporting no symptoms considering the ATE of ongoing prolonged symptoms. The ATE of ongoing prolonged symptoms on EQ-VAS was - 12.9 [95% CI - 15.9 to - 9.8], and on the EQ-5D-3L it was - 0.11 [95% CI - 0.13 to - 0.09], implying prolonged symptoms have a negative impact on patients' EQ-VAS and EQ-5D-3L score. In multivariable linear regression, only having prolonged symptoms was associated with lower scores (- 11.7 [95% CI - 15.0 to - 8.5] for EQ-VAS and - 0.10 [95% CI - 0.13 to - 0.08] for EQ-5D-3L).
conclusionsDue to their long duration, long-COVID symptoms represent a substantial disease burden expressed in impact on health-related quality of life.
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