ArticleReproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)2023
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Among COVID-19 Vaccinated and Recovered Women: a National Survey.
Article in Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Menstrual disorders following COVID-19 vaccination: a review using a systematic search.Frontiers in drug safety and regulation · 2024Pooled it
- COVID-19 and female reproductive health: pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical reproductive outcomes.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on Menstrual Irregularities, Bleeding Patterns, and Cycle Duration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Health science reports · 2025Review
- Coronavirus disease vaccine linked menstrual changes: mobile application study.Obstetrics & gynecology science · 2025Article
- Artificial intelligence models predicting abnormal uterine bleeding after COVID-19 vaccination.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Oncofertility and Fertility Preservation for Women with Gynecological Malignancies: Where Do We Stand Today?Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Abnormal uterine bleeding diagnoses and care following COVID-19 vaccination.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2024Article
- Abnormal uterine bleeding and associated factors: a cross-sectional study in high-performance Peruvian athletes.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2024Article
- Effects of COVID-19 vaccination on human fertility: a post-pandemic literature review.Annals of medicine · 2023Review
- Blood Coagulation and Thrombotic Disorders following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Development and validation of a predictive model of abnormal uterine bleeding associated with ovulatory dysfunction: a case-control study.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Female reproduction and abnormal uterine bleeding after COVID-19 vaccination.Clinical and experimental reproductive medicine · 2023Article
- COVID-19 vaccine side effects on menstrual disturbances among Iranian women.New microbes and new infections · 2023Article
- Effects of COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination on the Female Reproductive System: A Narrative ReviewBalkan medical journal · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective of this research was to characterize menstrual changes including amount, duration, and frequency among COVID-19 vaccinated and infected women. We conducted an online nationwide questionnaire survey on premenopausal, non-pregnant women over 18 years of age in Israel, querying about any changes in their menstrual patterns after COVID-19 vaccination or infection. In total, 10,319 women responded, of which 7904 met the inclusion criteria. Changes in menstrual patterns following COVID-19 vaccination or infection were reported in 3689/7476 (49.3%) women compared with 202/428 (47.2%) women, respectively, (P = .387). The most commonly described menstrual disturbance was excessive bleeding (heavy, prolonged, or intermenstrual) in both the vaccinated and infected groups, (80.6% versus 81.4%, respectively, P = .720). Among women who experienced abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), in most cases (61.1%), it occurred between the vaccination and the ensuing menstrual period. Menstrual disturbances were similar in type among the vaccinated and infected women. In conclusion, AUB emerged as a side effect of the BNT162b2 vaccine and a symptom of the COVID-19 infection and was characterized mainly by excessive bleeding. Although the precise incidence could not be determined in this study, the type of bleeding disorder as well as the characterization of risk factors including increasing age and a baseline menstrual pattern of prolonged, frequent, and heavy menses are well defined. The incidence and the long-term consequences of the BNT162b2 vaccine on uterine bleeding warrant further investigation.
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Registered trials
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