ReviewThe European journal of neuroscience2022
Brain entropy, fractal dimensions and predictability: A review of complexity measures for EEG in healthy and neuropsychiatric populations.
Review in The European journal of neuroscience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers.
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Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neural complexity EEG biomarkers of rapid and post-rapid ketamine effects in late-life treatment-resistant depression: a randomized control trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Distance-dependent connectivity in the brain facilitates high dynamical and structural complexity.Cognitive neurodynamics · 2026Article
- Resetting the hippocampal buffer: a neurocognitive account of psychedelic therapy for anxiety-related psychopathology.Psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- The Relationship Between the Functional Integration and Topological Complexity of Human Electroencephalographic (EEG) Signals: Three Moderating Factors.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Electrophysiological features of signals recorded from white matter.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cognitive Processing and EEG Complexity.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A multiscale spatio-temporal convolutional attention network for depressive disorder diagnosis via coarse-grained signal reconstruction based on EEG.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Enhanced Neural Responses to Self-Name Stimuli Relative to Tone and Reversed Speech Deviants in the Auditory Oddball Paradigm.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Spike dynamics in primate lateral prefrontal cortex during working memory and decision-making: A fractal analysis.iScience · 2026Article
- Deep Brain Stimulation Induces Antidepressant Effects by Restoring High-Fidelity Communication in the BNST-NAc Circuit.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Age-Related Changes in EEG Signal Complexity and Behavioral Variability from Childhood to Adulthood: A Multiscale Entropy Approach.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal complexity in the psychotic brain.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Complexity Analysis of Skin Nerve Activity for Quantitative Assessment of Acute Sympathetic Nervous System Activation.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Multifractal-Guided Machine Learning Framework for Late Post-Traumatic Seizure Prediction Following Hemorrhagic Traumatic Brain Injury.Research square · 2026Article
- Development of a Measurement Procedure for Emotional States Detection Based on Single-Channel Ear-EEG: A Proof-of-Concept Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Assessment of dynamic cerebral blood flow changes during cognitive tasks in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Rapid eye movement sleep displays distinct fractal dynamics between phasic and tonic states.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2026Article
- When prediction fails: a computational complexity view of stress.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Exploring the differences in neural oscillation mechanisms before and after sleep deprivation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Heart Rate Variability in the Detection of Cognitive Fatigue Through Transfer Learning.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There has been an increasing trend towards the use of complexity analysis in quantifying neural activity measured by electroencephalography (EEG) signals. On top of revealing complex neuronal processes of the brain that may not be possible with linear approaches, EEG complexity measures have also demonstrated their potential as biomarkers of psychopathology such as depression and schizophrenia. Unfortunately, the opacity of algorithms and descriptions originating from mathematical concepts have made it difficult to understand what complexity is and how to draw consistent conclusions when applied within psychology and neuropsychiatry research. In this review, we provide an overview and entry-level explanation of existing EEG complexity measures, which can be broadly categorized as measures of predictability and regularity. We then synthesize complexity findings across different areas of psychological science, namely, in consciousness research, mood and anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as changes across the lifespan, while addressing some theoretical and methodological issues underlying the discrepancies in the data. Finally, we present important considerations when choosing and interpreting these metrics.
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