ArticleActa psychologica2022
Feeling rushed? Perceived time pressure impacts executive function and stress.
Article in Acta psychologica, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized cross-over trial comparing stress responses amongst undergraduates and surgeons with and without background music during simulated surgery.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- How time pressure disrupts inhibitory control: neural dissociations between interference and response inhibition.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2026Article
- Effectiveness or efficiency: the impact of performance pressure and time pressure on employee feedback-seeking behavior.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Time on Their Side: How Visual Timers Affect Anticipatory Anxiety, Performance, and On-Task Behavior in Elementary Math Assessments.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025Article
- Chronic time pressure as a predictor of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Procedural and declarative knowledge simultaneously contribute to category response selection.Psychological research · 2025Article
- A New Method for Inducing Mental Fatigue: A High Mental Workload Task Paradigm Based on Complex Cognitive Abilities and Time Pressure.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Dynamic modulation of spatial selection: Online and anticipatory adjustments in the flanker task.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2025Article
- Time in mind: a multidisciplinary review on temporal perception, cognition, and memory.Frontiers in cognition · 2025Review
- How much time to figure out how to get where? Route planning and subjective stress under time pressure.PloS one · 2025Article
- The effect of time pressure and ego depletion on young children's helping behavior.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Article
- Should Intelligence Tests Be Speeded or Unspeeded? A Brief Review of the Effects of Time Pressure on Response Processes and an Experimental Study with Raven's Matrices.Journal of Intelligence · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Executive function (EF) is critical to everyday life, but it can be undermined by adverse psychological states like stress and negative affect. For example, inadequate time to perform a task is a common stressor that can disrupt EF. Although the impact of actual time pressure on EF has been established, little is known about how self-generated, perceived time pressure (PTP) affects EF in the absence of objective time limits. We chose Eriksen's Flanker task as an index of cognitive inhibition, a key component of EF, and we varied the interval between successive trials, the inter-trial interval (ITI), to proxy PTP. This manipulation strongly impacted task performance: shrinking the ITI to increase PTP diminished cognitive inhibition and increased both stress and negative affect. Subsequently lengthening the ITI to decrease PTP reversed nearly all of these effects, except stress, which persisted. Multilevel linear regression modeling revealed that ITI and stress predicted inhibition, and exploratory mediation modeling suggested that stress mediates the relationship between ITI and inhibition. These findings validate perceived time pressure as an empirical stressor and demonstrate EF's sensitivity to changes in PTP.
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