ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Sex hormones and immune system: Menopausal hormone therapy in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the human anellome across the lifespan reveals sex-specific biphasic trajectories.npj aging · 2026Article
- Estrogen deficiency due to type 2 diabetes induced hyposalivation in female mice by promoting inflammation in the salivary glands.Odontology · 2026Article
- Immune modulation by sex hormones: unveiling the complex interplay and regulatory networks.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and its correlation with tuberculosis infection: a cross-sectional survey based on the NHANES database.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Repercussion of SARS-CoV-2 on the Sexual Function in Males: An Updated Review.Infectious disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Effect of Pituitary-Target Gland Axis on RAAS in the Context of COVID-19.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Testosterone and estradiol reduce inflammation of human macrophages induced by anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG.European journal of immunology · 2024Article
- Lights and Shadows of Long COVID: Are Latent Infections the Real Hidden Enemy?Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Effect of Menopausal Hormone Therapy on Cellular Immunity Parameters and Cytokine Profile.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Estrogen-modulating treatment among mid-life women and COVID-19 morbidity and mortality: a multiregister nationwide matched cohort study in Sweden.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Dietary resveratrol improves immunity and antioxidant defense in ewes by regulating the rumen microbiome and metabolome across different reproductive stages.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Decreased mannan-binding lectin level in adults with hypopituitarism; dependence on appropriate hormone replacement therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The fatal outcomes of COVID-19 are related to the high reactivity of the innate wing of immunity. Estrogens could exert anti-inflammatory effects during SARS-CoV-2 infection at different stages: from increasing the antiviral resistance of individual cells to counteracting the pro-inflammatory cytokine production. A complex relationship between sex hormones and immune system implies that menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) has pleiotropic effects on immunity in peri- and postmenopausal patients. The definite immunological benefits of perimenopausal MHT confirm the important role of estrogens in regulation of immune functionalities. In this review, we attempt to explore how sex hormones and MHT affect immunological parameters of the organism at different level (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.