Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35982492›Full record

ArticlePilot and feasibility studies2022

Mobile phone virtual reality game for pediatric home burn dressing pain management: a randomized feasibility clinical trial.

Megan Armstrong, Jonathan Lun, Jonathan I Groner, Rajan K Thakkar, Renata Fabia, Dana Noffsinger, Ai Ni, Rohali Keesari, Henry Xiang

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pilot and feasibility studies, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04548635 phase2 / phase3completednot on this map

Mobile Phone Virtual Reality Game for Pediatric Home Burn Dressing Pain Management

TypeinterventionalSponsorNationwide Children's HospitalRan2019 to 2021Enrolled36ConditionsBurns, Acute Pain, Procedural PainArmsVR-PAT
NCT07008625 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

The Effect of Virtual Reality Application on Anxiety and Milk Quantity in Mothers Who Milk Their Babies by Milking

TypeinterventionalSponsorMarmara UniversityRan2025 to 2025Enrolled32ConditionsHuman Milk, Breast MilkArmsvirtual reality glasses, routine care
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Megan ArmstrongCenter for Pediatric Trauma Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
Jonathan LunCenter for Pediatric Trauma Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
Jonathan I GronerCenter for Pediatric Trauma Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
Rajan K ThakkarCenter for Pediatric Trauma Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
Renata FabiaCenter for Pediatric Trauma Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
Dana NoffsingerCenter for Pediatric Trauma Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
Ai NiDivision of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Rohali KeesariPediatric Biostatistics Core, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Henry XiangCenter for Pediatric Trauma Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA. henry.xiang@nationwidechildrens.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8112-319X

Funding

FDA HHS R01 FD004814
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVirtual reality (VR) gaming is considered a safe and effective alternative to standard pain alleviation in the hospital. This study addressed the potential effectiveness and feasibility of a VR game that was developed by our research team for repeated at-home burn dressing changes.

methodsA randomized clinical trial was conducted among patients recruited from the outpatient burn clinic of a large American Burn Association-verified pediatric burn center between September 2019 and June 2021. We included English-speaking burn patients aged 5-17 years old requiring daily dressing changes for at least 1 week after first outpatient dressing change. One group played an interactive VR game during dressing changes, while the other utilized standard distraction techniques available in the home for up to a week. Both child and caretaker were asked to assess perceived pain on a numerical rating scale (NRS) of 0-10. For the VR group, patients were also asked to rate various aspects of the VR game on a NRS of 0-10 and caregivers were asked questions assessing ease of use.

resultsA total of 35 children were recruited for this study with 24 fully completing study measures. The majority of participants were male (n=19, 54.3%), White (n=29, 82.9%), and with second degree burns (n=32, 91.4%). Children and caregivers in the VR group reported less pain than the control group at the 4th dressing change. Participants in the VR group showed a clinically meaningful (≥30%) reduction in child-reported overall pain (33.3%) and caregiver-reported worst pain (31.6%) in comparison with subjects in the control group. Children's satisfaction with the VR remained at a high level across dressing changes over the 1-week period, with reported realism and engagement increasing over time. Over half of the children (54.5%) enjoyed playing the game and did not report any challenges nor any side effects.

conclusionsSubjects found the VR to be a useful distraction during home dressing changes and reported no challenges/side effects. VR should be considered as a nonpharmacologic companion for pain management during at-home burn dressing changes.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04548635. Registered September 14, 2020-retrospectively registered.

Indexed as

BurnInjuryPain managementPediatricsVirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID35982492
PMCPMC9386208

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.