ArticleBMC psychiatry2022
Treatment patterns among children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the United States - a retrospective claims analysis.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- d-Amphetamine Transdermal System in Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Secondary Endpoint Results andJournal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Pharmacokinetics at Different Application Sites and Dermal Safety Analysis of Dextroamphetamine Transdermal System (d-ATS) in Healthy Adults and Patients with ADHD.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- Article
- Healthcare Costs Associated with Adverse Events in Pediatric Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Claims-Based Study.Advances in therapy · 2025Article
- Risk factors associated with newly diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults: a retrospective case-control study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Treatment Patterns Among Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Comorbid Anxiety and/or Depression in the United States: A Retrospective Claims Analysis.Advances in therapy · 2023Article
- Reasons for Treatment Changes in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Chart Review Study.Advances in therapy · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral disorder affecting approximately 10.0% of children and 6.5% of adolescents in the United States (US). A comprehensive assessment of the current treatment landscape is warranted to highlight potential unmet needs of children and adolescents with ADHD. Therefore, this study described treatment patterns and healthcare costs among commercially insured children and adolescents with ADHD in the US.
methodsChildren and adolescents with ADHD initiating pharmacological treatment indicated for ADHD were identified from IBM MarketScan Commercial Database (2014-2018). A treatment sequence algorithm was used to examine treatment patterns, including discontinuation (≥ 180 days following the last day of supply of any ADHD treatment), switch, add-on, and drop (discontinuation of an agent in combination therapy), during the 12-month study period following the index date (i.e., first observed ADHD treatment). Total adjusted annual healthcare costs were compared between patients with and without treatment changes.
resultsAmong 49,756 children and 29,093 adolescents included, mean age was 9 and 15 years, respectively, and 31% and 38% were female. As the first treatment regimen observed, 92% of both children and adolescents initiated a stimulant and 11% initiated combination therapy. Over half of the population had a treatment change over 12 months-59% of children and 68% of adolescents. Treatment discontinuation over 12 months was common in both populations-21% of children and 36% of adolescents discontinued treatment. Healthcare costs increased with the number of treatment changes observed; children and adolescents with treatment changes (i.e., 1, 2, or ≥ 3) incurred an incremental annual cost of up to $1,443 and $2,705, respectively, compared to those without a treatment change (p < 0.001). Costs were largely driven by outpatient visits.
conclusionsOver a 12-month period, treatment changes were commonly observed and were associated with excess costs, highlighting the unmet treatment needs of children and adolescents with ADHD in the US.
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