Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35982282›Full record

ArticleReproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)2023

The Medium Is the Message: Defining a "Normal" Vaginal Microbiome in Healthy Reproductive-Age Women.

Steven S Witkin, Iara Moreno Linhares

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Steven S WitkinDivision of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil. switkin@med.cornell.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-3502-3929
Iara Moreno LinharesDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-7846-6885

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The microbial composition of the human vagina differs from that of all other mammals, likely as a consequence of the unique composition of vaginal constituents that promote the selective maintenance and proliferation of distinct bacterial species. Similarly, variations between individual healthy women in genetic, environmental, and medical variables also modify the vaginal lumen composition. The direction and magnitude of immune reactions to microorganisms present in the vagina, responses to stress and non-infectious stimuli, coupled with medical and pregnancy history and environmental exposures, can greatly differ between women. Adaptations to both internal and external pressures will determine the ability of select resident vaginal bacteria to numerically dominate and, therefore, the definition of a "normal" vaginal microbiota will substantially differ between individual healthy women.

Indexed as

MicrobiotaVaginaAnimalsBacteriaFemaleHumansMammalsPregnancyReproductionRNA, Ribosomal, 16SRNA, Ribosomal, 16SEnvironmental factorsNormal vaginal microbiomePregnancy historyVaginal secretions composition

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.