Trial reportScientific reports2022
Effects of online parietal transcranial electric stimulation on associative memory: a direct comparison between tDCS, theta tACS, and theta-oscillatory tDCS.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation in the Enhancement of Working Memory Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Meta-Analysis.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2023Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of dual- vs. single-node tACS in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: behavioral and EEG evidence.Translational psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Task-Specific Personalized Theta tACS Modulates Theta Dynamics in Associative Memory.Brain and behavior · 2026Trial
- Gamma-frequency transcranial alternating current stimulation over the left posterior parietal cortex enhances the long-term retention of associative memory.Experimental brain research · 2025Trial
- Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: Safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines (2017-2025: An update) - endorsed by the European Society for Brain Stimulation (ESBS) and by the International Federation for Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN).Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Epicranial electrical stimulation improves non-navigational spatial memory in macaque monkeys.Neuroimage. Reports · 2026Article
- Oscillatory Transcranial Electrical Stimulation and the Amplitude-Modulated Frequency Dictate the Quantitative Features of Phosphenes.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Targeting the parietal memory network with tDCS in MCI: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Article
- Causal functional maps of brain rhythms in working memory.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Frontal midline theta transcranial alternating current stimulation enhances early consolidation of episodic memory.NPJ science of learning · 2024Article
- Distinct effects of slow and fast theta tACS in enhancing temporal memory.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- The subjective experience of transcranial electrical stimulation: a within-subject comparison of tolerability and side effects between tDCS, tACS, and otDCS.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
- Evaluation of tolerability and safety of transcranial electrical stimulation with gel particle electrodes in healthy subjects.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Transcranial Electrical Stimulation for Associative Memory Enhancement: State-of-the-Art from Basic to Clinical Research.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Closed-Loop tACS Delivered during Slow-Wave Sleep Reduces Retroactive Interference on a Paired-Associates Learning Task.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Comparison of transcranial brain stimulation approaches: prefrontal theta alternating current stimulation enhances working memory performance.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Influences of eye gaze cues on memory and its mechanisms: The function and evolution of social attention.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Associative memory (AM) is the ability to remember and retrieve multiple items bound together. Previous studies aiming to modulate AM by various transcranial electric stimulation (tES) techniques were inconclusive, although overall suggestive that tES could be a tool for AM enhancement. However, evidence from a direct comparison between different tES techniques is lacking. Here, in a sham-controlled cross-over experiment, we comparatively assessed the effects of three types of tES-anodal tDCS, theta-band transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), and theta-oscillatory tDCS (otDCS), delivered over the left posterior parietal cortex, during a short-term digit-color AM task with cued-recall. The effects were tested in 40 healthy young participants while both oscillatory tES were delivered at a previously determined individual theta frequency (4-8 Hz). All three active stimulations facilitated the overall AM performance, and no differences could be detected between them on direct comparison. However, unlike tDCS, the effects of which appeared to stem mainly from the facilitation of low-memory demand trials, both theta-modulated tACS and otDCS primarily promoted AM in high memory demand trials. Comparable yet differential effects of tDCS, theta tACS, and otDCS could be attributed to differences in their presumed modes of action.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.