ArticleBlood2022
GARP-mediated active TGF-β1 induces bone marrow NK cell dysfunction in AML patients with early relapse post-allo-HSCT.
Article in Blood, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synergistic immune interactions between T cells and natural killer cells in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukaemia: current status and future directions.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of tumor cell evasion from NK cell-mediated killing and advances in NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy.Pharmaceutical science advances · 2026Review
- TGF‑β1 in cancer: From tumour suppressor to promoter, molecular mechanisms, and precision therapeutic strategies (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- PARP inhibitors restore NK cell function via secretory crosstalk with tumor cells in prostate cancer.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Visualizing extracellular vesicles in cancer: from biogenesis to theranostic applications.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Aligning preclinical AML models with immunotherapy development: principles for model selection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A Risk Model Using Refined Disease Risk Index and 1-Month NK-Cell Count for Relapse in Children and Adults with T-ALL/LBL After Myeloablative Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation.Blood and lymphatic cancer : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Exploring the Bone Marrow Microenvironment as a Therapeutic Barrier and Targetable Source of Crosstalk in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.Blood and lymphatic cancer : targets and therapy · 2026Review
- Overcoming barriers in CAR-NK immunotherapy: CRISPR-Driven advances in checkpoint editing and allogeneic design.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Review
- The bispecific innate cell engager AFM28 eliminates CD123Nature communications · 2025Article
- IPSC‑derived NK cells for immunotherapy and therapeutic perspective (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Targeting lactylation reinforces NK cell cytotoxicity within the tumor microenvironment.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- The mouse resource at National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2025Review
- TGF-β inhibition restores hematopoiesis and immune balance via bone marrow EPCs in aplastic anemia.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Overexpressing natural killer group 2 member A drives natural killer cell exhaustion in relapsed acute myeloid leukemia.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Immune Escape of Acute Myeloid Leukemia after Transplantation.Blood cancer discovery · 2025Review
- Safety and feasibility of 4-1BB co-stimulated CD19-specific CAR-NK cell therapy in refractory/relapsed large B cell lymphoma: a phase 1 trial.Nature cancer · 2025Article
- The rewired immune microenvironment in leukemia.Nature immunology · 2025Review
- A multifactorial risk scoring system for the prediction of early relapse in CMML patients with allo-HSCT: a nationwide representative multicenter study.Bone marrow transplantation · 2025Article
- Antitumor effects of natural killer cells derived from gene-engineered human-induced pluripotent stem cells on hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Relapse is a leading cause of death after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in tumor surveillance and cancer immunotherapy, and NK cell dysfunction has been observed in various tumors. Here, we performed ex vivo experiments to systematically characterize the mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of bone marrow-derived NK (BMNK) cells isolated from AML patients experiencing early relapse after allo-HSCT. We demonstrated that higher levels of active transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) were associated with impaired effector function of BMNK cells in these AML patients. TGF-β1 activation was induced by the overexpression of glycoprotein A repetitions predominant on the surface of CD4+ T cells. Active TGF-β1 significantly suppressed mTORC1 activity, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, the proliferation, and cytotoxicity of BMNK cells. Furthermore, pretreatment with the clinical stage TGF-β1 pathway inhibitor, galunisertib, significantly restored mTORC1 activity, mitochondrial homeostasis, and cytotoxicity. Importantly, the blockade of the TGF-β1 signaling improved the antitumor activity of NK cells in a leukemia xenograft mouse model. Thus, our findings reveal a mechanism explaining BMNK cell dysfunction and suggest that targeted inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling may represent a potential therapeutic intervention to improve outcomes in AML patients undergoing allo-HSCT or NK cell-based immunotherapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.