ArticlePloS one2022
Four-way decomposition of effect of cigarette smoking and body mass index on serum lipid profiles.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between hyperlipidemia and colorectal adenoma risk: a multivariable clinical study based on lipoprotein profile stratification.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Development of Mathematical Models Evaluating Presence of Coronary Calcification Independent of Computed Tomography (DEPICT): Radiation-Free Evaluation of Coronary Atherosclerosis.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Epigenetic aging markers in the association between frailty and mortality among U.S. adults.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Surgical Approach as a Mediator of Rural-Urban Disparity after Colon Cancer Resection.Journal of the American College of Surgeons · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- A genome-wide association study of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in a large Korean population highlights its genetic relationship with cholesterol metabolism.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association between pan-immune-inflammation value and dyslipidemia in the United States population.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Association between lipid profiles and cigarette smoke among adults in the Persian cohort (Shahedieh) study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Resistin concentrations in perivascular adipose tissue as a highly sensitive marker of smoking status in patients with advanced coronary artery disease requiring coronary artery bypass grafting.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Polysomnographic Assessment of Effects of Tobacco Smoking and Alcohol Consumption on Sleep Bruxism Intensity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveSmoking and obesity are established risk factors of dyslipidemia, however, the interplay between them has not been well studied. This study aims to explore the joint effect of smoking and body mass index (BMI) on serum lipid profiles.
methodsThe study consisted of 9846 Chinese adults (mean age = 49.9 years, 47.6% males, 31.2% ever smokers), based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Serum lipid profiles included total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A (APO-A), and apolipoprotein B (Apo-B). The joint effect of smoking and BMI on serum lipids were examined by the four-way decomposition analysis and multivariate linear regression models.
resultsThe four-way decomposition showed that the interplay between smoking and BMI was complicated. There was only indirect effect (the mediated effect) between smoking and BMI on TC, LDL-C and APO-B. The pure indirect effect was -0.023 for TC, -0.018 for LDL-C, and -0.009 for APO-B. For TG, HDL-C and APO-A, the interaction effect was dominant. The reference interaction (the interactive effect when the mediator is left to what it would be in the absence of exposure) was 0.474 (P < 0.001) for TG, -0.245 (P = 0.002) for HDL-C, and -0.222 (P < 0.001) for APO-A, respectively. The effect of BMI on TG, HDL-C and APO-A were significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers (TG: 0.151 in smokers versus 0.097 in nonsmokers, HDL-C: -0.037 versus -0.027, APO-A: -0.019 versus -0.009, P for difference < 0.001 for all).
conclusionThese findings illustrate the joint effects of smoking and BMI on serum lipid profiles. There were significant interaction effects of smoking and BMI on TG, HDL-C and APO-A, while BMI maybe a mediator for the association of smoking with TC, LDL-C and APO-B. The effects between them were rather complex. Smoking cessation is necessary, especially for those overweight.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.