ArticleAssessment2023
Assessment of Automatic and Controlled Retrieval Using Verbal Fluency Tasks.
Article in Assessment, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Theta tACS Over the Medial Frontal Cortex Modulates Executive Function in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Trial
- Electrical stimulation of the cerebellum facilitates automatic but not controlled word retrieval.Brain structure & function · 2023Trial
- Diagnostic Utility of Multi-Domain Language Measures Across the Alzheimer Disease Continuum.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Subcategory vs category fluency: Items and networks in healthy young adults and simulation with a large language model.Memory & cognition · 2026Article
- Psychometric modeling of Boston process approach data for dementia prediction in the Framingham Heart Study.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2026Article
- Effects of Bipolar Disorder on the Verbal Fluency Skills of Native Speakers.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Altered functional connectivity underpins cognitive changes in chronic spinal cord injury.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Prefrontal and Cerebellar Contributions to Semantic Memory Retrieval.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- The interplay between executive functions and updating predictive representations.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of the combined letter fluency task on frontal cortex regional and dynamic oxygenation patterns.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Profile of non-invasive physical health indicators associated with cognitive performance in Chinese older adults: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Measuring semantic memory using associative and dissociative retrieval tasks.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Neural evidence of switch processes during semantic and phonetic foraging in human memory.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Category and letter verbal fluency assessment is widely used in basic and clinical research. Yet, the nature of the processes measured by such means remains a matter of debate. To delineate automatic (free-associative) versus controlled (dissociative) retrieval processes involved in verbal fluency tasks, we carried out a psychometric study combining a novel lexical-semantic retrieval paradigm and structural equation modeling. We show that category fluency primarily engages a free-associative retrieval, whereas letter fluency exerts executive suppression of habitual semantic associates. Importantly, the models demonstrated that this dissociation is parametric rather than absolute, exhibiting a degree of unity as well as diversity among the retrieval measures. These findings and further exploratory analyses validate that category and letter fluency tasks reflect partially distinct forms of memory search and retrieval control, warranting different application in basic research and clinical assessment. Finally, we conclude that the novel associative-dissociative paradigm provides straightforward and useful behavioral measures for the assessment and differentiation of automatic versus controlled retrieval ability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.