ReviewImmunological reviews2022
At the crux of maternal immune activation: Viruses, microglia, microbes, and IL-17A.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasma IL-17A, IFN-γ, and MIP-3α profiles are associated with clinical stage transition in first-episode psychosis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Maternal and Postnatal Effects of Poly I:C-Induced Intrauterine Inflammation and Rytvela, a Non-Competitive IL-1R Antagonist, in the Pregnant Spiny Mouse.Developmental neurobiology · 2026Article
- Prenatal COVID-19 Exposure and Neurodevelopmental and Neurological Disorders in Children.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Fibrinogen as a Driver of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in the Fetal Brain After Maternal Influenza.Research square · 2026Article
- Neurological and neurodevelopmental effects of Covid and MIS-C on children.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- A Developmental Neuroimmune Cascade Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Genetic survey of biomarkers at early and mid-pregnancy identifies pregnancy-specialized immune regulation.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Metabolic profiling and systems biology analysis of Flammulina filiformis Fv19 extract: an integrated computational and experimental approach for dual anti-cancer and immunomodulatory therapy.BMC biotechnology · 2026Article
- A novel interoceptive subfornical organ to infralimbic cortex mechanism relays airway inflammation effects on fear extinction.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Maternal Inflammation Alters Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Methylation Patterns in Neonatal Brain Monocytes.Cells · 2026Article
- Oxytocin Modulates Microglial IL-17-Linked Inflammatory Pathways Through the IL-6/COX-2.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A novel interoceptive subfornical organ to infralimbic cortex mechanism relays airway inflammation effects on fear extinction.Research square · 2026Article
- Influenza virus infection during pregnancy: a review of risk factors, pathogenic mechanisms, and prevention strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mucosal microbiota and intraepithelial lymphocyte remodeling link maternal immune activation to neuroimmune outcomes in female and male offspring.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Microglia as critical mediators linking perinatal immune stress to mental health trajectories.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- The Nodding syndrome cerebrospinal fluid proteome: a lens into neurodevelopmental failure consistent with environmentally triggeredFrontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Sex-specific vulnerabilities in early human neurodevelopment following SARS-CoV-2-induced maternal immune activation.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Schizophrenia.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: The Associations of Prenatal Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination With Child Neurodevelopment.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Review
- The Role of Prenatal Microglial Activation and Its Sex Differences in the Development of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammation during prenatal development can be detrimental to neurodevelopmental processes, increasing the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. Prenatal exposure to maternal viral infection during pregnancy is a leading environmental risk factor for manifestation of these disorders. Preclinical animal models of maternal immune activation (MIA), established to investigate this link, have revealed common immune and microbial signaling pathways that link mother and fetus and set the tone for prenatal neurodevelopment. In particular, maternal intestinal T helper 17 cells, educated by endogenous microbes, appear to be key drivers of effector IL-17A signals capable of reaching the fetal brain and causing neuropathologies. Fetal microglial cells are particularly sensitive to maternally derived inflammatory and microbial signals, and they shift their functional phenotype in response to MIA. Resulting cortical malformations and miswired interneuron circuits cause aberrant offspring behaviors that recapitulate core symptoms of human neurodevelopmental disorders. Still, the popular use of "sterile" immunostimulants to initiate MIA has limited translation to the clinic, as these stimulants fail to capture biologically relevant innate and adaptive inflammatory sequelae induced by live pathogen infection. Thus, there is a need for more translatable MIA models, with a focus on relevant pathogens like seasonal influenza viruses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.