ReviewFrontiers in aging neuroscience2022
Microglial polarization in TBI: Signaling pathways and influencing pharmaceuticals.
Review in Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Microglia in Post-Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Cognitive Impairment: From Pathological Changes to Therapeutic Approaches.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Ultrasound-activated piezoelectric patch enhances mitophagy and synergistic anti-inflammation to promote neurological repair after TBI.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
- Targeting mGluR1-Mediated Microglial ER Stress Mitigates Copper-Induced TBI Neuroinflammation.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- M2 microglial exosomal miR-1949 ameliorates sepsis-associated encephalopathy through DKK1/Wnt/β-catenin-mediated microglial repolarization.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Article
- Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation attenuates neuroinflammation in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2026Article
- Hematopoietic cell kinase regulates microglial/macrophage activation to drive neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- CSF1 regulates inflammation and apoptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Topiramate protects against neuroinflammation in response to traumatic brain injury via activating Sirt1 signaling.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Targeting HMGB1 in Microglia Alleviates Neuroinflammation and Modulates the Pro-/Anti-inflammatory Balance of Microglia/Macrophages in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Silencing of Ifi27l2a Attenuates Inflammation After Spinal Cord Injury by Regulating Microglial Polarization via JAK2/STAT3 Signaling.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Reprogramming brain-resident macrophages: from disease drivers to therapeutic allies in neurological disorders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- After Traumatic Brain Injury, EPHA4 Enhances Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress to Promote M1 Microglial Polarization Through the MAPK Signaling Pathway.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Multi-omics integration reveals TIM-4 as a master regulatory hub of neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Hyaluronic Acid-PEG-PLGA Nanoparticles Encapsulating Myricetin Attenuate NMDA-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cell Injury Associated with Microglia-Related Neuroinflammatory Responses.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Cytokines and related signaling pathways in traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Microglia Polarization: A Key Regulatory Mechanism of Neuropathic Pain.Journal of pain research · 2026Review
- A study on the establishment of a traumatic brain injury model of tree shrews and the observation of neuroinflammatory responses.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Biomaterial-Based Emergency Intervention for Secondary Spinal Cord Injury.Small science · 2025Review
- LCN2 Regulates Microglia Polarization Through the p38MAPK-PGC-1α-PPARγ Pathway to Alleviate Traumatic Brain Injury.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Article
- Injectable nanocomposite hydrogel for localized precision delivery of dexamethasone after traumatic brain injury: dual modulation of neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier restoration.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious disease that threatens life and health of people. It poses a great economic burden on the healthcare system. Thus, seeking effective therapy to cure a patient with TBI is a matter of great urgency. Microglia are macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS) and play an important role in neuroinflammation. When TBI occurs, the human body environment changes dramatically and microglia polarize to one of two different phenotypes: M1 and M2. M1 microglia play a role in promoting the development of inflammation, while M2 microglia play a role in inhibiting inflammation. How to regulate the polarization direction of microglia is of great significance for the treatment of patients with TBI. The polarization of microglia involves many cellular signal transduction pathways, such as the TLR-4/NF-κB, JAK/STAT, HMGB1, MAPK, and PPAR-γ pathways. These provide a theoretical basis for us to seek therapeutic drugs for the patient with TBI. There are several drugs that target these pathways, including fingolimod, minocycline, Tak-242 and erythropoietin (EPO), and CSF-1. In this study, we will review signaling pathways involved in microglial polarization and medications that influence this process.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.