ArticleBMC veterinary research2022
Effect of formic acid treatment on colostrum quality, and on absorption and function of immunoglobulins: a randomized controlled trial in Holstein dairy calves.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Overall Evidence for Milk-Derived Proteins and Peptides in Blood after Digestion: A Systematic Review.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Influence of different processing methods on anti-trypsin activity in bovine colostrum.JDS communications · 2025Article
- Colostrum as a source of ESBL-Escherichia coli in feces of newborn calves.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Impacts of preweaning colostrum feeding practices and health measures on dairy cow production, while accounting for genetic potential.Journal of animal science · 2024Article
- Acidification of colostrum affects the fecal microbiota of preweaning dairy calves.JDS communications · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGood quality colostrum is characterized by high immunoglobulin concentration and low pathogen load. Some methods of pathogen reduction can decrease immunoglobulin concentration and potentially affect their function. Objectives were to determine the effect of formic acid treatment on colostral bacterial and immunoglobulin (IgG) levels before feeding, and serum immunoglobulin concentration and neutralizing capabilities after feeding. Fifteen female Holstein calf pairs born < 12 h apart from different dams were randomly assigned to receive four liters of either untreated pooled (both dams) colostrum (MC) or colostrum acidified to pH 4.0-4.5 (AC). Colostrum characteristics estimated; pH, bacterial load, IgG concentration, and neutralization of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBRV/BoHV-1), Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) Types 1 and 2. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 3 and monthly for 6 months and were analyzed for IgG, and both viral plus leptospiral neutralization, and total protein (day 3 only).
resultsCompared to MC (mean 6.7, SD 0.4; median 6.8, range 6.0-7.3), AC pH was significantly reduced (mean 4.3, SD 0.2; median 4.3, range 4.0-4.5; P < 0.001). Total coliform count (cfu/mL) was also reduced (MC mean 149, SD 444; median 1, range 0-1,700; AC mean 8, SD 31; median 0, range 0-120; P = 0.02). Colostrum IgG concentration was not significantly different between MC (mean 93.3, SD 39.7; median 92.8, range 36.7-164.4 g/L) and AC (mean 101.9, SD 36.7; median 108.3, range 33.8-164.4 g/L; P = 0.54). In calves, serum IgG peaked on day 3 (MC mean 26.1, SD 34.9; median 169.2, range 8.3-151.0 g/L; AC mean 30.2, SD 48.7; median 188.8, range 3.1-204.4 g/L; P = 0.77), and apparent efficiency of IgG absorption was not different between groups (MC mean 24.3, SD 11.4, median 25.3, range 8.6-51.3%; AC mean 22.6, SD 21.7, median 21.6, range 4.1-58.9%; P = 0.65). Thereafter, IgG levels declined but did not differ between groups. MC and AC serum neutralizing titers for IBRV, BVDV Types 1 and 2, or Leptospira interrogans serovars Canicola, and Pomona and L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo were not different.
conclusionsColostrum acidification significantly decreased bacterial load fed to newborn calves without affecting colostral IgG concentration or virus neutralization. In addition, acid treatment did not affect serum IgG concentration in calves or its activity against common pathogens.
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