Trial reportScientific reports2022
Fluoride varnish, ozone and octenidine reduce the incidence of white spot lesions and caries during orthodontic treatment: randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04992481 (Influence of Fluoride Varnish, Ozone and Octenidin on the Incidence of White Spot Lesions and Caries During Orthodontic Treatment - a Randomized Clinical Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Influence of Fluoride Varnish, Ozone and Octenidin on the Incidence of White Spot Lesions and Caries During Orthodontic Treatment - a Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Self-Assembling Peptide on White Spot Lesions in Orthodontic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of various interventions for the management of white spot lesions associated with fixed orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Prevention of white spot lesions with fluoride varnish during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances: a systematic review.European journal of orthodontics · 2023Pooled it
- Microbiological Investigation and Clinical Efficacy of Professional Topical Fluoride Application onMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- White Spot Lesion Treatment Options: A Systematic Review of Different Techniques for Masking These Lesions.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Expert consensus on the prevention and treatment of enamel demineralization in orthodontic treatment.International journal of oral science · 2025Article
- New Insights Regarding the Use of Relevant Synthetic Compounds in Dentistry.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Influence of Fluoride Gels on the Physicochemical Properties of Tooth Tissues and Dental Materials-A Systematic Review.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Revisiting Oral Antiseptics, Microorganism Targets and Effectiveness.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This randomized, parallel, controlled trial assessed the effect of fluoride varnish, ozone and octenidine on white spot lesions (WSLs) and caries during orthodontic treatment. Patients were enrolled between 1st September 2017 and 31st August 2020 at initiation of orthodontic treatment in Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland. All participants were randomly assigned to four study and one control groups using number random generator. However, investigators were not blinded due to the nature of the study. Groups I, II, III, IV had professional cleaning and varnishing (5% NaF) every 4 weeks. Groups II and IV had in-office ozone therapy before varnishing, groups III and IV received domestic octenidine mouthrinse. Group K had no professional hygienic or prophylactic procedures. WSLs were assessed at T0 and then every 4 weeks (T1-T4) and caries-at T0 and T4. The specific objective was to assess the influence of fluoride varnish, ozone and octenidine on the incidence of white spot lesions and caries during orthodontic treatment. The primary outcome of this report was the highest number of WSLs in group K and the lowest percentage of patients with WSLs in group IV. Each group comprised 30 randomized participants; they were all analyzed. No WSLs were found at T0, but they were stated in all groups at T4. The numbers of patients with WSLs significantly increased between T0-T4 in groups I and K. Group IV had the lowest percentage of patients with WSLs in T1-T4. WSLs in group IV were found no earlier than at T2. Group K had the highest percentage of WSLs at T4: 26%. At T0 all the groups had DMFs above 0 with a significant increase at T4. No side effects of the introduced prophylaxis were observed in any group. Caries is an important problem of fixed orthodontic treatment. Even an extremely intensive prophylaxis could not completely prevent WSLs and caries. Simultaneous application of fluoride varnish, ozone gas exposure and octenidine appears to have a beneficial effect in limiting the development of WSLs.Trial registration: NCT04992481.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.