ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2023
Inequities in Anticipatory Stress of Police Brutality and Depressed Mood Among Women.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping definitions and measures of police violence in health literature: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Anticipatory Violence and Health Among Black Adults in the United States.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Vicarious Exposure to Police Discrimination and Brutality, Concern, and Changes in Cigarette Smoking.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Anticipatory Race-Related Stress and Depressive Symptoms among U.S. Black Women Attending A Historically Black University: Are Psychosocial Resources Stress Buffers?Sociological inquiry · 2025Article
- A qualitative examination of how direct and indirect police violence shapes perceptions of police, sense of safety, and the mental health of Black adults in Chicago.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Neighbourhood-level policing as a racialised gendered stressor: multilevel analysis of police stops and preterm birth in Seattle, Washington.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2024Article
- Cumulative Police Exposures, Police Violence Stress, and Depressive Symptoms: A Focus on Black LGBQ Youth in Baltimore City, Maryland.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
- Officer-Involved Killings of Unarmed Black People and Racial Disparities in Sleep Health.JAMA internal medicine · 2024Article
- The Impact of Racism, Class, and Criminal Justice on Women's Distress and Health: A Reinforcing Cycle of Social Disadvantage.American journal of public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPolice brutality towards racially minoritized populations is structural racism. Even though most of the research on the health impacts of police brutality centers the experiences of men, women are also harmed by this structural violence.
objectivesWe identify factors associated with the anticipatory stress of police brutality among women and examine its relationship with depressed mood across ethno-racial categories.
methodsData came from the cross-sectional Survey of the Health of Urban Residents in the United States (N = 2796). Logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with odds of always worrying about the possibility of becoming a victim of police brutality and to examine its association with depression among Latinas, Black, and White women.
resultsOdds of always worrying about police brutality were greater among Black women and Latinas compared to White women. Household history of incarceration was associated with anticipation of police brutality among Black women and Latinas but not among White women. Black women and Latinas with constant anticipation of police brutality and history of incarceration of a household member during their childhood had elevated odds of depressed mood.
conclusionAlthough police brutality harms all women, the stressful anticipation of police brutality does not burden all women equally. Structural racism in communities of color continues to be associated with the anticipatory stress of police brutality and it harms the mental health of women of color. Developing policies to eliminate structural racism and for the allocation of resources to persons who are strongly impacted by these injustices is important.
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