ArticleBMC medicine2022
Cardiovascular health in the menopause transition: a longitudinal study of up to 3892 women with up to four repeated measures of risk factors.
Article in BMC medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- The influence of 17β-estradiol plus norethisterone acetate treatment on markers of glucose and insulin metabolism in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Early in, early out: reproductive lifespan timing and cardiometabolic risk in women.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Review
- Cardiometabolic Health During the Climacteric Transition: A Narrative Review of Lifestyle, Physiological, and Nutritional Approaches.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Estimating age of menopause in mothers in the ALSPAC Study: A data note.Wellcome open research · 2025Article
- The impact of reproductive factors on the metabolic profile of females from menarche to menopause.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Women, lipids, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a call to action from the European Atherosclerosis Society.European heart journal · 2023Article
- Substantial Lipid Increases During Menopausal Transition in Korean Middle-Aged Women.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWomen experience adverse changes in cardiovascular health in mid-life; whether the menopausal transition influences these remains strongly debated. The aim of this study was to examine associations of reproductive age (time since final menstrual period (FMP)) with change in carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and cardiovascular risk factors and determine the role of chronological and reproductive age.
methodsWe used data from 1702 women from a pregnancy-based UK cohort who had up to four repeat cardiovascular health measures between mean age 51 (SD = 4.0) and 56 (SD = 3.6) years and experienced a natural menopause. Multilevel models were used to assess the relationship between cardiovascular measures and time since FMP (reproductive age), whilst adjusting for the underlying effects of chronological age and confounders (socioeconomic factors, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, parity, age at menarche). In addition, we looked at the relationship between cardiovascular measures by chronological age according to menopausal stages (pre-menopause, peri-menopause and post-menopause) using information from women who had and had not experienced menopause (N = 3892).
resultsThere was no strong evidence that reproductive age was associated with CIMT (difference in mean 0.8 μm/year, 95% CI - 0.4, 2.1), whereas there was a strong positive association of chronological age (7.6 μm/year, 95% CI 6.3, 8.9). Consistent with this, we found weaker linear associations of reproductive compared with chronological age for atherosclerotic risk factors, such as with systolic blood pressure (- 0.1 mmHg/year, 95% CI - 0.3, 0.1, and 0.4 mmHg/year, 95% CI 0.2, 0.5, respectively) and non-HDL-cholesterol (0.02 mmol/l/year, 95% CI 0.005, 0.03, and 0.06, 95% CI 0.04, 0.07, respectively). In contrast, associations with fat mass (0.06 kg/m
conclusionsOur results suggest that going through the menopausal transition does not further increase women's risk of atherosclerosis (measured by CIMT) beyond effects of ageing. Menopausal transition may, in additional to ageing, modestly increase adiposity and glucose levels and therefore a possible associated diabetes risk.
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